Comprehensive Investigation On The Pull-out Strength

Of Tar Bars In Normal And High

Strength Concrete
Presenter: Muhammad Rizwan
Shams-ul-Islam, Muhammad Ansar, Rukhsar-ul-Amin and Afham-ul-Haq
Introduction
z

Abstract
In reinforced concrete,
many parameters have
significant influence on the
transferring of force from
steel bars to concrete. This
research is used to check
the influence of bar
diameter and embedded
length on the pull-out
strength of normal and high
strength
concrete(HSC).
Concrete cylinders were
casted for pullout tests,
using Grade 40, tar bars of
dia #3,#4 #5 and for
different embedded length
i.e. 12,8" 4. The
pullout
tests
were
performed after 28 days
curing.
Tests
results
demonstrate
that
HSC
increase the bond strength.
Tar bar of #5 cause splitting
of concrete cylinders both
in normal and HSC. This
shows that pullout strength
decreases as the bar
diameter increases. Also the
pull out strength increases
with
the
increased
embedded
length
for
Normal and HSC.

Superplasticizer

. There are several factors that affect the properties of steelconcrete bond which included density of concrete, type of
aggregates, strength of concrete, lateral confinement condition,
concrete cover, space between two adjacent bars, size of rebar,
orientation and location of the rebar, state of stress in both
concrete and steel bars. Bond in composite materials like
reinforced concrete structures usually comes from friction and
adhesiveness and is affected by the properties of steel rebars as
those of concrete and the reliant movement due to the volume
changes, such as shrinkage occurs in concrete.
Steel-concrete bond strength is achieved due to the following
mechanism.
1. Friction between the ingredients of surrounding hardened
concrete and the inserted steel bars.
2. Mechanical interlocking between the Tar bars and concrete.

Sika viscocrete 3110W was used in HSC to achieve the specified

slump range. A dosage of 0.45% by weight of cement was used in
this research program.

Mix proportion of concrete

Concrete mix was prepared with a water cement ratio of 0.50 and
0.35 for NSC and HSC respectively. For the workability of
concrete, Slump test were performed, and the slump value with in
the range of specified value of 3 inches was found. Concrete
cylinder of 6
diameter and 12 inches
was
properly filled in three layers for 28 days compressive strength of
concrete. After 24 hour the cylinders were demolded and then
placed for curing at room temperature in curing tank for 28 days.

Nomenclature of the Test Specimens for Pull-out Test

The detail of different cylindrical moulds with the embedment

length for different size of bars are show in Table 5.
No. of Specimens

Experimental Program

Material
Aggregate:
Fine Aggregate
Coarse Aggregate
The physical properties of fine and coarse aggregate are
shown in Table 1
Fine Aggregate

Coarse Aggregate

Normal

Crushed

2.54

2.64

2.4

6.75

0.10

Specific Gravity
Dry Ridded Bulk Density
F.M
Absorption %

Grade

Length 1 Length 2 Length 3

40
40

Tar bars

Cement Table 2 and Table 3 shows the chemical

composition and physical properties respectively
% Contents
62.18

Property

Result
3.15

2.99

Specific Gravity
Initial
setting
time
(minutes)
Final
setting
time
(minutes)
Standard Consistency (%)

1.52

Soundness

20.78
5.81

2.31
1.89

The bond strength was calculated from the Pull out data by using
the
=/following formula: = /
The results of bond strength are presented in Figure

Figure 3&4: Pull out Loads for Different Dia of Bars and
embedment (HSC)
Dia of Bar

Type

Grade

3
4
5
3
4
5
3
4
5

Tar
Tar
Tar
Tar
Tar
Tar
Tar
Tar
Tar

40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40

Embedment
(inches)
4
8
12
4
8
12
4
8
12

Bond Strength
NSC (Psi)
1690.22
1683.93
1314.17
1138.53
1034.43
1002.45
925.68
809.46
775.81

Bond Strength
HSC (Psi)
2028.51
1987.098
1796.632
1413.563
1399.066
1395.42
1132.409
1075.558
940.4033

% Increase in
Bond strength
16.68
15.26
26.85
19.46
26.06
28.16
18.26
24.74
17.50

Two parameters Bond

were investigated
Strength in this research
program i.e. dia of steel bar and embedment of steel
bar in concrete for proper bonding. The results
obtained shown that increase in dia of bars increase
the pull out load for all the specimens and also the
increase in embedment linearly increase the pull out
load. On the other hand, Increase in dia of bar and in
embedment length, decrease the bond strength of
concrete.

Recommendation

40

Constituents

Bond Strength

1) The pull out force increase as the dia of bar and embedment of
bar in concrete increases for both NSC and HSC.(2) The bond
strength decreases as the dia of bar and embedment increases in
both cases of concrete. (3) The HSC gives more bond strength as
compared to NSC. An increase in bond strength of 15% to 28%
was observed for HSC. (4)The stress slip relationship in HSC is
more as compared to NSC.

The properties of tar steel bar are shown in Table 2

Dia

3 per embedment

Conclusion

Steel Bars
Type

Embedment
Length 3

Figure 1&2: Pull out Loads for Different Dia of Bars and
embedment (NSC)

The purpose of this research is to study the bond capacity of

normal strength concrete (NSC) and high strength concrete
(HSC) from a different relation. The central objectives of this
research program are:
To investigate the bond strength of normal and high strength
concrete
To check the effect of embedment of steel on the bond
strength of concrete
To check the variation in bond strength with the variation in
bar size

Type

Embedment
Length 2

3 per embedment

Objectives

Characteristics

Embedment
length 1

3 per embedment

There are various approaches used to check the bond-slip

relationship. We have been performed all the tests on direct pull
out apparatus which is a simplest method. The specimens used
in the experiment of our recent study were 6 inches diameter
and 12 inches height cylinders. The Tar or Twist steel rebar
having sizes of 3/8, 4/8 and 5/8 inches were used to check out
the bond strength and their stress-slip relation between the
reinforcement bars and normal(NSC) and high strength
concrete (HSC).

Dia of Bar

Fineness by Sieving

131
240
31
4.3 %
0.039 in (1mm)

1)HSC should be used for good bond strength of concrete with

larger size of bar and with a least embedment of 4 inches.(2) For
better bond strength in the case of NSC, an embedment of 4 inches
for a bar size of 5/8 inches is recommended.(3)HSC is preferred
over NSC for better bond strength.

References

Ahmed, K. S., ZA, Z., & Yousaf, M. (2007). Slippage of steel in

high and normal strength concrete. Pakistan Journal of
Engineering and Applied Sciences, 1
Cairns, J., & Plizzari, G. A. (2003). Towards a harmonised
European bond test. Materials and Structures, 36(8), 498-506.