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NUTRITIONAL
REQUIREMENTS OF MICRO ORGANISMS
Requirement
Element
C, H, O, N, P,
S
Potassium
(K)
Calcium
(Ca)
Magnesium
(Mg)
Iron (Fe)
Zinc (Zn)
Physical
nature
Function
Defined
(Synthetic)
Solid
Supportive
(General
Purpose)
Complex
Liquid
Enriched
Semisolid
Selective
Differential
Defined Media
Chemical
composition of all
ingredients is well
defined.
Eg :- BG-11 Media
for Cyanobacteria.
Used in research,
not for commercial
purposes.
Complex Media
Contain ingredients of unknown chemical
composition like peptones, meat extract,
yeast extract each of them serving as a
source of various nutritional requirements.
Sufficiently rich to meet all the nutritional
requirements of many different
microorganisms.
Eg :- Nutrient broth, Tryptic Soy Broth,
MacConkey agar.
Solid Media
This type of media is
solid due to use of
solidifying agent like
agar or gelatin which is
around 15-20%.
Used to isolate
different microbes
from each other to
establish pure cultures.
E.g. :- Nutrient agar
plate.
Liquid Media
Liquid media do not contain
solidifying agents like agar and
gelatin.
Used to study oxygen
requirement of inoculated
microorganism.
Tests like MPN (Most Probable
Number) test can be performed
using only liquid media.
Used to cultivate microbes
which cannot be cultivated on
solid media.
Industries generally prefer liquid
media as larger biomass can be
grown throughout the media.
E.g. :- Nutrient broth.
Semisolid Media
Semisolid media
contains 0.4-0.5%
agar hence it is
also called soft
agar.
Used to check
motility of
inoculated
microbes.
Eg :- Motility agar
stab.
Enriched Media
Selective Media
Differential Media
Used to differentiate growth of two types of
microorganisms on a single media.
MacConkey agar which is also a differential
medium contains lactose and neutral red dye,
bacteria that catabolize lactose by fermenting it
release acidic waste products that decrease the
pH which is indicated by neutral red dye that
make colonies pink to red in color.
EMB plate also differentiate between typical and
atypical coliforms.
Blood agar differentiates between hemolytic and
non hemolytic bacteria as hemolytic bacteria
produce clear zones around their colonies due to
RBC destruction.
References
Prescotts Microbiology 8th edition by
Willey, Sherwood and Woolverton.
http://highered.mheducation.com/
https://www.researchgate.net/
http://www.fao.org/
Google images.