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DESIGNS
By: MIGUEL P. GOMEZ JR.
MOTIVATION : OBJECT
ASSEMBLY
design
Research design
Types of Experimental
Design
1. Single-group design. This design involves a
single treatment with two or more levels.
Illustration:
A researcher wishes to study the effect of
different levels of nitrogen on the yield of
peanuts. In this experimental study, nitrogen as
a single treatment used in different levels as
fertilizer in planting peanut can be 60-30-30
(NPK); 90-30-30 (NPK); 120-30-30 (NPK) and so
on. N stands for nitrogen, P- Phosphorus and K
Potassium.
Example :
Problem
Effect of Leaf Extract A on
Bacterium A
students were
experimented to know
the effectiveness of the 3
methods of teaching the
subject english.
Mean
Control group
( without
supplemental
feed)
30
31
33
3
0
3
3
3
2
35
36
33
32
Experimental
group (with
supplemental
feed)
45
47
58
6
0
5
7
6
0
62
58
58
57
Control
group
group
Experimental
Group 1
Canned
milkfish in
Salmon style
(with
sargassum
seaweed)
Control Group
2
Experimental
Group 2
Canned
milkfish in
Spanish style
(without
sargassum
seaweed)
Canned
milkfish in
Spanish style
(with
sargassum
seaweed)
10
Mean = 6.33
Mean = 8.67
Mean = 5.67
Mean = 9.0
Canned
milkfish in
Salmon style
(without
sargassum
seaweed)
Canned Mackerel
Panelist
R . b rachyosomus
Control Group
(without seaweeds)
Experimental
Sargassum
Groups (with
Seaweeds Halymenia)
10
Illustration 2:
Suppose the researcher wishes to conduct a study on
the effectiveness of culturing commercial catfish using,
soybean meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, and fish
meal as protein supplements. Fish meal is the control
group or parallel group and the experimental groups are
meat and bone meal, blood meal, and soybean as protein
supplements. Mean and ANOVA: two-factor or F-test: twofactor are the statistical tools used to determine the mean
weight of catfish and significant difference on the mean
weight. If significant difference exists on the mean weight
of catfish, this means protein supplements really differ on
the weight of catfish because one protein supplement is
most effective. If insignificant difference exists, thus the
weight of catfish using the four protein supplements are
almost the same.
Protein Supplements
Researc
h
Stations
Fish Meal
1
2
3
X
X
X
(Control
Group)
Wt. (kg)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
2
3
4
5
Transplanting
Weight (kg)
Stem Cuttings
Weight (kg)
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
x
C D A B
D A B C
Illustration:
Suppose an investigator wishes to determine the
effectiveness of growing squash using four different
organic fertilizers to four different nurseries. Due to
different ecological parameters such as light, humidity,
temperature, and oxygen of each nursery, each is
required to have one organic fertilizer. The first
treatment combination consists of OF, N, and S 1 where
OF stands for Organic Fertilizer; N, Nursery; and S,
Squash or scientifically called Cucurbita. The second
combination is OF, N, S and so on. It will be noted that
S or grouper is the diagonal of the square and
appears in each position from first supplemental feed to
the fourth organic fertilizer. F-test or analysis of variance
(ANOVA) is used to determine the significant difference
on the effectiveness of growing squash using four
different organic fertilizer to four different nurseries.
OF
OF
OF
OF
Mid
Early
Mid
Late
Late
A B C D B C D A C D A B D A B C
1
Column
Compartment
2
(30 grams)
100 pieces
prawn fry
Compartment
3
(50 grams)
100 pieces
prawn fry
100 pieces
prawn fry
100 pieces
prawn fry
100 pieces
prawn fry
100 pieces
prawn fry
100 pieces
prawn fry
100 pieces
prawn fry
T3
T4
Independent Variable
Variable
Supplemental
Feed (Fish
Meal)
Dependent
Weight (X)
Length (Y)
QUIZ
1. This design is used to determine the
relationship of two dependent variables (X and
Y) on how they are manipulated by the
independent variable.
a. Single group b. Correlational c. Parallel d.
RCBD
2. This experimental design uses a group of test
plants and animals as subjects of the study
which are studied once but subsequent
treatments applied are replicated to determine
0%
concentration
30 %
concentration
60 %
concentration
90 % concentration
9. Table 2
Independent Variable
Variable
Supplemental
Feed (Fish
Meal)
Dependent
Weight (X)
Length (Y)
Compartment
2
(30 grams)
100 pieces
prawn fry
Compartment
3
(50 grams)
100 pieces
prawn fry
100 pieces
prawn fry
100 pieces
prawn fry
100 pieces
prawn fry
100 pieces
prawn fry
100 pieces
prawn fry
100 pieces
prawn fry
OF
OF
OF
OF
Four
Research
Stations
1
2
3
4
5
Transplanting
Weight (kg)
Stem Cuttings
Weight (kg)
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
x
Protein Supplements
Resea
rch
Statio
ns
Fish Meal
1
2
3
30
32
31
(Control
Group)
Wt. (kg)
Meat and
Bone
Meal
Blood Meal
Soybean
Meal
Wt. (kg)
Wt. (kg)
47
46
49
45
43
44
Wt. (kg)
56
58
58
10
Mean = 6.33
Mean = 8.67
Mean = 5.67
Mean = 9.0
15. Table 8. Effect of Guava (Psidium guajava) Leaf Extract on Staphylococcus aureus.
ANSWERS
EXCHANGE PAPER
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. Randomized Complete Block Design
9. Correlational Design
10. Complete Randomized Design
11. Counter balanced/ Latin square design/ Rotation design
12. Three group design
13. Parallel group design
14. Two pair group design
15. Single group design
16-17. This design involves the experimental group and the control group which
are carefully selected through randomization procedures. Both groups are given
pretest at the beginning of the semester and posttest at the end of the semester.
18-19. Control group without treatment and used as a reference for comparing
while Experimental group with treatment and usually modified to see its effects.
20. Descriptive design
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