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PHYSICS
Unit-13
Class: 10 M1
Instructor: Usama Shabbir
ATOMIC PHYSICS
Atomic physicsis the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated
system ofelectrons and an atomic nucleus.
It is primarily concerned with the
arrangement of electrons around the
nucleus and the processes by which
these arrangements change
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Nuclear physicsis the field of physics that studies the constituents of
nucleus (protons and neutrons) andinteractions of atomic nuclei.
ISOTOPES
Atoms of an element having same atomic number but different mass
number is called isotopes
Or
Atoms of an element having same number of protons but different
number of neutrons
Example:
Hydrogen has three isotopes
Carbon has three isotopes
ISOTOPES CONT
NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY
Radioactivity defined as the spontaneous emission of particles or
radiation or both at the same time, by unstable nuclei. Those elements
which emit these radiations are known as radioactive elements.
Actually when isotopes are unstable they emit energy in the form of
radiation. There are three main types of radiation or radioactive decay
depending on the isotope.
(i) Alpha particles
(ii) Beta particles
(iii) Gamma rays
PROPERTIES
Assignment No. 1
Concepts of Alpha particles, Beta particles and Gamma rays
Properties of Alpha particles, Beta particles and Gamma particles
different radioactive
NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATIONS
The spontaneous process in which a parent unstable nuclide changes into
a more stable daughter nuclide with the emission of radiations is called
nuclear transmutations.
RADIOACTIVE DECAYS
HALF LIFE
The time during which half of the unstable radioactive nuclei disintegrate
is known as Half Life of the given sample of radioactive element.