ART ONE: Printmaking

Mrs. Jacobson

Introduction
Communication

I took images of our

is a
basic human need.
idols and spread them.
And from this need the It put our laws into
art of printmaking was
tangible form.
born.
At one point, it
In the beginning,
became an art making
printmaking was a way
process.
to make simple copies.

So What Is Printmaking?
The

art of printmaking is transferring an image from an

inked surface to another surface.
Artists that make prints are called Printmakers.

The History of Printmaking

Engraving goes back to cave art, executed on stones, bones and
cave walls. The duplication of engraved images goes back some
3,000 years to the Sumerians who engraved designs on stone
cylinder seals.

The History of Printmaking

The Chinese produced a
primitive form of print,
early rubbings date as
far back as the 2nd
century AD.

The Japanese made the first

authenticated prints, woodblock rubbings of Buddhist
charms, in the late-middle
eighth century.

The History of Printmaking

As stated earlier; In the beginning, before the printing press,

printmaking was not considered a form of art. Rather a
medium of communication.
It wasnt until the 19th century that printmaking was consider
an art form.
This was because artists began to produce limited editions and
to sign their prints with the technical information necessary to
authenticate the work.

All Printmaking Methods Involve These Basic Steps:

1. Creation of the Plate: The printmaker creates a printing plate by
altering a surface to create an image. The carving process uses tiny
blades that are different sizes and create different line cut qualities.
Safety is important and they must be careful not to cut themselves.
2. Inking the Plate: Next the printmaker uses a brayer to spread and
mix the ink. Rolling the brayer over the ink is called charging. This
makes the more pliable. They then apply the ink or inks to the plate with
a brayer.
3. Transferring the Image: Finally the printmaker transfers the ink to
a flat surface by pressing it against a plate. Typically, the flat surface is a
cloth or paper. When the surface is separated from each other, a
completed print is made. The printmaker can make many copies of the
same image.

Major Printmaking Techniques

Relief
Wood cut, linoleum, & collagraphs

Etching
Lithography
Silkscreen
Monotype
Intaglio

/Screenprinting

Printmaking Techniques
WOODCUT
The woodcut is the art of engraving on wood by hollowing out
with chisels areas of a plank of wood. This would leave a
design on the surface. The transfer of this design onto
paper is achieved by inking the surface with ink and
applying pressure with a press.

Printmaking Techniques
Etching is a method of making
prints from a metal plate. The
plate is first coated with an
acid-resistant substance
(etching ground) through
which the design is drawn with
a sharp tool called a burin.
The acid eats the plate
through the exposed lines. The
plate is cleaned and inked,
covered with paper and passed
under a press the same way as
a woodcut.

Printmaking Techniques
Lithography is the
printmaking technique
invented in Germany in 1796.
An image is carved into a
smooth limestone surface.
The limestone image is
covered in oil based ink and
sent through a printing press
and is transferred to the
paper. It is considered one of
the most supreme
printmaking processes
because it produces the finest
shading and detail.

Printmaking Techniques
SILK SCREEN

(screen print)

originated in China. It's the

most common stencil
printing technique. With
this process you draw or
mask out an image on fine
mesh fabric that is
stretched on a frame. This
frame rests above the
paper and ink is pulled
across the mesh and forced
through it with a flat blade
known as a squeegee.

Printmaking Techniques

The Linoleum / linocut is a

relief printmaking technique
similar to that of the
woodcut, the difference being
that the image is engraved on
linoleum instead of wood.
Since linoleum offers an
easier surface for working,
linocuts offer more precision
and a greater variety of
effects than woodcuts.

Printmaking Techniques
INTAGLIO (in-tahl-ee-oh) Is the reverse of relief printmaking. You
cut lines into a plate with a sharp tool called a burin. These
areas fill with ink. And the top surface is wiped clean. The press
forces the thick paper against the plate. It has an embossed look.

Printmaking Techniques
Monotype is the only printmaking
process incapable of producing
multiple images.
Also called a one-off technique.
Popular with contemporary
artists. They can be quick to
produce and they are not
complicated to create. They
give you unexpected results.
Most are done on plexiglass or
any washable smooth surface.
A drawing is done on the
surface and covered with
printing paper. Rubbed by
hand or press, the image is
transferred to the paper.

Printmaking Techniques
Collagraphs are also a form of relief
printmaking. You prepare a plate,
by gluing stuff down on heavy stock
board, the word means glue
writing. the high areas are inked,
(texture plays a big role) and paper is
applied to the plate and pressed.

Different Kinds of Printmaking

Techniques
https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=vRSWYefbdSM

Assignment

Today you will have time

to work on a photo.
Take a picture of yourself
selfie
Use either your camera
phone or chrome book.
Print it out in black and
white at east 8/1/2 x 11
size

Be

sure image is sharp

and clear
DO NOT ADD any filter
or insta-gram animal
face to it
Print after school, during
your lunch or at home.
Bring printed image on
Wednesday

Mono Self
e Portrait
Prints

Famous Printmaker Artists

Famous Printmakers
Albrecht Durer:
(1471-1528) His

incredibly detailed prints

established his reputation
across Europe when he was
only twenty years old. He
has been conventionally
regarded as the greatest
artist of the Northern
Renaissance. He did
engravings and woodcuts
mostly of religious themes.
This print is called Knight,
Death and the Devil.

Rembrandt : (1606-1669)

Famous Printmakers

Many people are surprised to learn that Rembrandt's etchings,

not his paintings, were responsible for the international
reputation. Rembrandt's contemporaries had extraordinarily high
regard for his etchings. For almost four decades he had pushed
the relatively new medium to its expressive limits. No other
printmaker has ever achieved greater results than Rembrandt
attained with a simple etching from needle and copper plates.

The descent from the cross 1633

Famous Printmakers
Andy Warhol ( 1928-1987)
Warhol was trained as a commercial artist,
and is best known for founding (or
claiming to found) the Pop Art
Movement in American art. He
developed the technique of projecting
photographic images to a silk screen, a
process that enabled him to produce
repetitive patterns within the same piece
relatively quickly. Typical works are of
famous people, everyday objects (soup
cans, dollar bills) and ghastly scenes of
car wrecks and electric chairs.

Famous Printmakers
1760May
10, 1849) was a Japanese
artist, painter and printmaker
of the Edo period. In his
time he was Japan's leading
expert on Chinese painting.
The Great Wave print and
Fuji in Clear Weather, are
Hokusais most famous
prints. This series that he
gained broad recognition
and left a lasting impact on
the art world.

Katsushika Hokusai

Tools & Vocabulary of

Printmaking
Printing

Plate: The
surface on which a
print is made.
Ink: Slow drying very
sticky substance that
dries permanently.
Brayer: A roller with
a handle used to apply
the ink.

Barren: A tool

used
instead of a press to
rub the ink onto the
paper.
Press: a machine
which rolls the plate
and paper together.
Proof: A practice print
Edition: the total
number of prints made.

Tools & Vocabulary of Printmaking

Printing

Plate: The
surface on which a
print is made.
Ink: Slow drying
very sticky substance
that dries
permanently.
Brayer: A roller with
a handle used to
apply the ink.

To get a copy of the following

vocabulary go to
djacobsonart@weebly.com/
Art One/ Printmaking Terms

Tools & Vocabulary of Printmaking

Barren: A tool

used
instead of a press to
rub the ink onto the
paper.

Press:

a machine
which rolls the plate
and paper together.

Tools & Vocabulary of Printmaking

BENCH

HOOK A
metal or wooden plate
with a raised edge on
each end (opposite
sides) to hold A
woodcut or linocut in
place on a table while
cutting.

Tools & Vocabulary of

Printmaking
BLOCK:

In printing, a piece of
thick, flat material, with a design
on its surface, used to print
repeated impressions of that
design. Called a PLATE in etching
and engraving (metal).

PRINT: The

actual picture the

artist makes from a printmaking
process.

Tools & Vocabulary of

Printmaking
IMPRESSION

NUMBER: The
number of a print in an edition.
The first three prints in an edition
10 would be 1/10, 2/10, 3/10 etc.

GOUGE

In relief printing, a tool

for clearing non-image areas from
a block of wood or linoleum

Tools & Vocabulary of

Printmaking
REGISTRATION:

Adjustment of
separate plates, blocks, screens or
paper in color printing to ensure
correct alignment of the colors.
PROOF: A proof pulled from a
block, plate, or stone to check the
appearance of the image to make
sure it is all right before making
the edition. After a critical or
important change is made on a
plate.

What kind of Printmaking will

we be doing?
Linoleums Block Cut Prints
Mono prints
Collagraphs

What kind of Printmaking will

we be doing?
Linoleums Block Cut Prints
Mono prints
Collagraphs

Repeat
pattern
Block Cut
Prints

Collagrap
hs

Samples Monotypes
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?
v=wOsnwUMBuBE&feature=r
elated

How to make a Cut Paper

Monotype
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?
v=uaO2Ylye6tc&feature=relat
ed

Making the Monoprint

Why paint on a plate and
then print on to paper?
Well the effects achieved
with monotypes are not
possible in other forms of
art. The monotype is a
unique process in which
you can use painting and
printmaking techniques to
create a one of a kind
image.

Applying the Ink

Inks can be mixed just like

paint to make new colors
Ink can be rolled on with
a brayer
Ink can be painted on with
a brush
Ink can be sponged on
Ink can be applied any of the
above ways and then carved
into with end of a brush or
tooth pick.
Layers of ink can go on top of
each other.
Found objects can be covered
in ink and then pressed on to
the plate.

Using Masks
A mask

also called a Block Out

It is materials that are used to block
the ink from reaching certain areas of
the paper.
You can create a mask from, paper,
masking tape, cardboard, string,
plastic, cloth, lace
You can either cut out a mask from
the above materials or use the basic
and natural shape of the object and
lay it on the plate.

Other ways to create with Monoprints

Leaves,

flowers, and other

natural materials lend their
special patterns and textures
to monotype work.
You can add texture with
fabric
You can lift and remove ink
with paper towel.
You can scrape into the inked
surface with a tooth pick or
end of brush.