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Corrosion Science and Engineering

Subsea Heating Jacket

TAI JEN SENG


YEO ZHE MING
TAN KING HSIUNG
FONG WEI JUN
CHONG CHOW YEUNG
TOH ZHEN YI

MA13068
MA13049
MA13133
MA13094
MA13161
MA13160

Introduction

Corrosion is naturally occurring

Deterioration of metal or other materials by reacting with environment to


form more stable chemical form

Through chemical or electrochemical process

Costs billions of dollars annually to prevent and to fix

Causes wastes directly and indirectly

Especially prevalent in oil and gas industry

Drillpipe corrosion

Stress exert on the drill structure

Drilling mud and formation fluids

Fatigue failures due to pitting corrosion

Temperature in deep seawater


- Temperature decrease with the increase of water depth
- Temperature decrease with the electrical conductivity
- Decrease the cathodic protection
- Corrosion rate increase

Reduce corrosion rate in Subsea Pipeline


- Thermal sprayed coating
- Sacrificial protection

LITERATURE REVIEW
Corrosion is a major economic problem,

Affects production segment, industry segment and industrialized country.

In 2002, United State spend $276 billion for corrosion cost.

In 1997, Japan spend 3.9trillion yen in corrosion cost.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion in oil and gas industry

Cause leakages at the horizontal subsea pipeline neat the an elbow section.

Cause failure on their equipment such as downhole tubing and transmission pipelines.

Disrupt the oil and gas production.

Treatment by using appropriate corrosion neutralizing inhibitors such as ammonia,


sodium hydroxide, and polyamines are added to decrease the concentration of the
hydrogen ion in the environment.

Discussion
Erosion

Rock Dumping

Galvanic corrosion

Sacrificial Anodes

Localised Corrosion

PH stabiliser

Hydrate Formation

Crystalline solid formed by synergies of gas


and water molecules, particularly at high
pressure and temperature condition

Inhibitors

Generally classified as:

i.

Environmental Inhibitor

ii.

Thermodynamic Inhibitor

iii.

Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitor

Environmental Inhibitor

Environmental friendly solution

Heating the gas to temperature above hydrate equilibrium

Thermodynamic Inhibitor
Eg. Methanol, glycol,mono-ethylene-glycol
Shift hydrate formation boundary to high pressure/lower temperature
Inhibitor form hydrogen bond with water molecule, thus reducing free
water molecules that form hydrate

Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitor

Kinetic inhibitor delay hydrate nucleation and crystal growth

Anti agglomeration stop the agglomeration of hydrate crystal to form large


hydrate plugs

Direct Electrical Heating


System

Inhibitors expensive and bad for environment

Heating pipeline reduce wax formation

Microbial Corrosion

New pipeline is tested before gas or oil is transported.

Test for 1 to 100 days as final quality assurance test.

The testing water is a potential source of microbial infection, Acid Producing


Bacteria and Slime Forming Bacteria (Sulphate Reducing Bacteria).

The impacts included microbiological induced corrosion, hydrogen sulphide gas and
damage of equipment.

UV light disrupts the organisms DNA, rendering it unable to reproduce

Pitting corrosion caused by biocide

Hydrogen Sulfate Corrosion

Nano filtration membrane contains three layer membrane design and smooth surface

Nano filtration membrane can remove sulphate content in seawater

It prevents built-up of barium and strontium scale

It provides superior hydrodynamics, which result in longer membrane life.

Chlorine Corrosion

Subsea water Injection and Treatment can remove inorganic particles down to 10m.

No maintenance required

Step 1: Electrolysis in still room

Step 2: Generate hydroxyl radicals that kills remaining bacteria

Step 3: Injection ion of biocide

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