WATER

TREATMENT
PLANT
DESIGN OF CONCRETE INFRASTRUCTURAL
AND INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES
NAME - NIKHIL KUMBHAR
ROLL NO -162040003

Content
Introduction
Necessity
Process involved in treatment of water
Water treatment plant layout
Role of environmental engineer
Role of structural engineer
Design criteria for different components

INTRODUCTION
For our day to day use we require water which
is pure enough so that it will not affect the
health of humans.
Not only human health but water should be
pure enough so that it will not affect the
equipment used in home and industries.
For this purpose it is necessary to treat the raw
water stored in reservoirs and hence the water
treatment plants are necessary.

NECESSITY OF WATER
TREATMENT PLANT
To produce and distribute the pure water for
drinking purpose and also for industrial use.
How this can be achieved?
1. By removing impurities in water (which
also removes turbidity).
2. By adjusting pH value
3. By removing unnecessary minerals and
salts
4. By disinfecting the water

PROCESSES INVOLVED IN
THE WATER TREATMENT
Process
Screening

Plain sedimentation
Sedimentation with
coagulation
Filtration

Aeration and chemical

treatment

Effect
To remove floating
particles and coarser
impurities.
To remove suspended
impurities as silt, clay
To remove suspended
matters
To remove
Microorganisms and
colloidal matters
To remove dissolved
gases, tastes and odour.

COAGULATION FLOCULATION TANK

SEDIMENTATION TANK

RAPID SAND FILTERS

ELEVATED RESERVOIR

ELEVATED
RESERVOIR

THE ROLE OF
ENVOIRNMENTAL ENGINEER
To fix the dimensions of the various components
of water treatment plant.
Dimensions like Diameter, depth of circular water tanks
and length and breadth in case of rectangular water
tank.

To fix the layers of filter media like sand,

anthracites, gravels, etc.
To decide the method of disinfection.
To decide the use of different chemicals during
water treatment process.

HOW DOES ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEER DECIDE SIZES OF
THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF
WTP?
By knowing daily demand of water in MLD.
And using suitable loading rate(in lit/m^3/hr or
lit/m^2/hr) of each component of WTP.
From this the Environmental Engineer gets the plan
dimensions and depth.

ROLE OF THE
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
Analysis and design of
1. Different water tanks(e.g sedimentation tank,
flocculation tank, disinfection tank, overhead
water tank, etc)
2. walls of rapid sand filter unit.
3. Supporting system of elevated reservoir.
4. Operational buildings
Decision of choosing construction material
depending on use of chemicals in the particular unit.

DESIGN OF
DIFFERENT TANKS
Most of the tanks in WTP are water retaining tanks
Water tanks are usually designed by WSM(good for water tight
structures, where cracks are serious concern)

FIXED BASED AND FLEXIBLE

BASE
Fixed: When the wall is built continuous with
its footing, then the base can be considered
to be fixed as the first approximation.
Hinged: If the sub grade is susceptible to
settlement, then a hinged base is a
conservative assumption. Since the actual
rotational restraint from the footing is
somewhere in between fixed and hinged, a
hinged base can be assumed.

RECTANGULAR TANKS
Rectangular shape is commonly used for
underground water tanks.
Code for design
Indian Standard Code 456-2000
IS-3370-I,II,III,IV
IS 875

Primary Loads
Hydrostatic Force
Lateral earth pressure (for underground water
tank)

RECTANGULAR TANKS
Structural Behaviour
Load is resisted by the bending action of the wall
Depending on the L/B and L/H ratio of tank, the design of
short walls and long walls changes as the behaviour of
walls changes

Wall section is designed for

Bending moment in horizontal as well as vertical direction
Shear force
Direct tension
No cracking condition

RECTANGULAR
TANKS
Methods of analysis
Finite element method
Approximate method

Design philosophy
Working stress method

CIRCULAR WATER
TANK
Circular water tanks are commonly used for
large capacity.
Codes for design
Indian Standard Code 456-2000
IS-3370-I,II,III,IV
IS 875

Primary Loads
Hydrostatic Force
Lateral earth pressure (for underground water tank)

CIRCULAR WATER
TANKS
Structural Behaviour
Load is resisted by circumferential stresses(Hoop Stresses).

Wall section is designed for

Hoop tension in the wall
Bending Moment and Shear force (only for rigid base)
No crack condition

CIRCULAR WATER
TANKS
Analysis
Simplified Methods
Reissners method
Carpenters simplified method
Approximate method
IS code method

Finite Element Method

Design philosophy
Working Stress Method

RCC Elevated
reservoirs
Elevated reservoirs are used for storage of water
at higher elevation for producing higher pressure
of water.
Code for design
Indian Standard Code 456-2000
IS-3370-I,II,III,IV
IS 875

Primary Loads
Hydrostatic Force
Wind Force (IS 875 Part III)
Earthquake Force (IS 1893)

RCC Elevated
reservoir
Design of various components
The supporting system (i.e frame of columns and beams)
is designed for worst load combination.
Water tank can be designed using previous methods.
Footing is designed for axial force and moment produced
due to lateral forces and the gravity forces.

Analysis
Supporting system can be design using stiffness method.
Using Finite Element Method

Design philosophy
WSM

Thank You