Chapter 1

A presentation by
Fadilla Ayuningtyas
I Made Agus Wibawa
Ikaya Dian Fitria

What is
VERB?

What is
VERB?
Verbs are...
the action words of a
language

Auxiliary Verb

Auxiliary Verb

...is a verb that does grammatical work.

In English, these are : be,do and have

Forming
questions
Are you training to be a
tower controller?
Do you like your job?
Have you been to
moscow ?

Forming negatives
This new radar isnt going to be very easy to use
I dont like the look of the weather.
They havent reached DIPSO yet.

Showing aspect
Sashas gone to USA (Perfect)
Natasha is directing the project
(Continous)

B|The Passive Voice

C|The lexical verb have

a verb that has meaning by it self

Presence or possession
shows that something is present or
that something is possessed

Expressing obligation or
requirement
have to + base verb
had to + base verb

D|Perfect Aspect
used to tell of something that
happened at an earlier time which is
(or may be ) important at a later time

Present perfect
Subject+have+past participle

Past perfect
Subject+had+past participle

Future perfect
Subject + will have +past participle

E|Continous or progressive aspect

The terms continuous and progressive

refer to the same thing.

Present continuous forms often

refer to something happening around
now but can also refer to action that
take some time

The past continuous is often used

together with the past simple to
describe actions in the past , where
one action happened at the same time
as another action.

Temporary and permanent

situations
Im working in the tower at the
moment . (dont always work there )
I work in the tower.(my usual job )

Perfect continuous foms

Weve been using ADSB since 2008.(past into present
unfinished )
He has been working in the tower for the last few
months(past into present unfinished)
He had been working in the tower for a while, but he
retired last week.(past period of work now finished )
By the middle of June , he will have been working in
the tower for five years. (futureperiod of works )

Future meanings
Where are you working next
week ? Im relieving in the tower
Are you doing an extra shift tonight
? No , im too tired ; i;ve already
worked too many hours this week .
Im going home .

Verbs usually not used in continuous form state verbs

I know what i am doing when i deal with an aircraft emergency.
(not i am knowing)
She recognised the danger of th situation when the aircraft
appeared on the radar.(not she was recognising )
I like working on approach, even when it gets very busy.(not i am
liking)
We saw the other aircraft just as the 767 came out of the cloud
(not we were seeing)
The company owns a fleet of A340s.(not the company is owning )

F|The time of an event verb forms and

prononciation

Perfect forms in spoken languangecan

be easily missed , but often indicate
a recent development (present
perfect ) or a sequence of past
events (past perfect)

G|Future Forms

Will-information,decision and predictions

Theyll be over frankfurt in around half an hour
Ill call you company right away , to see if they
can help
Do you think well have enough controllers to
handle the busy periods ? Youll never get
bored working approach at this airport.

The going to form for plans and predictions

Im going to work very hard , so that i get an opportunity to
work on approach.
It really looks like theres going to be an accident ifthey dont
slow down. Look how black those clouds are-its going to rain
soon .
I am working on Saturday this week.
The flight leaves Madrid 4 pm .
Runway 30 will have been cleared of debris within ten
minutes . ill confirm that with you.

H|Modal verb-forms

I|Modal verb-meanings

J|Modal verbs-past
forms