A leadtin alloy of composition 30 wt% Sn,70 wt% Pb is slowly

heated from a temperature of 300F (150C ).

(a) At what temperature does the first liquid phase form?
(b) What is the composition of this liquid phase?
(c) At what temperature does complete melting of the alloy occur?
(d) What is the composition of the last solid remaining prior to complete
melting
(e) Determine the relative amounts (in terms of mass fractions) of the
phases for 15 wt% Sn 85 wt% Pb at ( 212F)

Consider a specimen of ice that is at -15C and 10 atm pressure. Using Figure, the pressuretemperature
phase diagram for H2O,

ironcarbon alloy) above that of its interior. One way this may be
accomplished
is by increasing the surface concentration of carbon in a process
termed
carburizing; the steel piece is exposed, at an elevated
temperature, to an atmosphere rich in a hydrocarbon gas, such as
methane (CH4).
Consider one such alloy that initially has a uniform carbon
concentration
of 0.25 wt% and is to be treated at 950oC (1750F).
If the concentration of carbon at the surface is suddenly brought to
and maintained at 1.20 wt%,
how long will it take to achieve a carbon content of 0.80 wt% at a
position 0.5 mm
below the surface?
The diffusion coefficient for carbon in iron at this temperature is
1.6 x1011 m2/s; assume that the steel piece is semi-infinite.

The diffusion coefficients for copper in aluminum

at 500 and 600oC are 4.8 x1014 and 5.3 x1013 m2/s,
respectively. Determine the approximate time at
5000C that will produce the same diffusion result
(in terms of concentration of Cu at some specific
point in Al) as a 10-h heat treatment at 600C.

The yield strength of mild steel with an average

grain size of 0.05 mm is 20,000 psi. The yield
stress of the same steel with a grain size of 0.007
mm is 40000 psi. What will be the average grain
size of the same steel with a yield stress of
30,000 psi? Assume the Hall-Petch equation is
valid and that changes in the observed yield
stress are due to changes in grain size.
Ans: For conversion use 1000 psi = 6.895 MPa;
d= 0.0148 mm