Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Danielle R. Ajoc
Louise Miguel T. Tabasan
ROCKS
Rocks are any solid mass of mineral or
mineral-like matter occurring naturally as part
of our planet.
Rocks are geologically classified according
to characteristics such as mineral and
chemical composition, permeability,
the texture of the constituent particles,
and particle size
MINERALS
Mineral is a naturally occurring substance that
is solid and stable at room temperature,
representable by a chemical formula, usually
abiogenic, and has an ordered atomic structure.
Minerals are different from rocks but are
usually found in them.
Common distinguishing characteristics
include hardness, color, streak, crystal shape,
cleavage and fracture, luster, and specific gravity
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Hardness
- characterizes the scratch resistance
of variousmineralsthrough the ability
of a harder material to scratch a softer
material.
-measured by using the MOHS scale
MOHS SCALE
Created in 1812 by the
German geologist and mineralogist Friedrich
Mohs and is one of several definitions
of hardness in materials science.
based on the ability of one natural sample of
matter to scratch another mineral
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Color
- Small amounts of different elements can
give the same mineral different colors.
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Streak
- streak (also called "powder color") of
a mineral is the colorof the powder produced
when it is dragged across an unweathered
surface.
-Streak is particularly important as a diagnostic
for opaque and colored materials. It is less
useful for silicate minerals, most of which have a
white streak and are too hard to powder easily.
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Crystal Shape
- Crystal form is the visible expression
of a minerals internal arrangement of atoms.
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Cleavage and Fracture
- Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to
cleave, or break, along flat, even surfaces.
-Fracture the uneven breakage of
a mineral
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Luster
- Luster is used to describe how light is
reflected from the surface of a mineral.
-A range of terms are used to
describe luster, such
asearthy,metallic,greasy, andsilky.
Similarly, the termvitreous(derived
from the Latin forglassvitrum) refers
to a glassy luster.
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Specific Gravity
-Specific gravityis the ratio of
thedensity of a substance to the
density (mass of the same unit volume)
of a reference substance.