Analogy: How to make a cheese sandwich.

2 slices of bread + 1 slice of cheese

1 cheese sandwich
If you have 8 slices of bread and 6 slices of
4
cheese, how many sandwiches can you make? __
(theoretical yield)
bread
What is the limiting reagent? ______
What is the excess reagent? _______
cheese
How much of the excess reagent is left at the
2 slices cheese
end of the reaction?
______________

Stoichiometry road map (Use the balanced chemical

equation)
aA + bB

cC + dD
Mol to Mol Ratio Using
the Coefficients from
the balanced chemical
equation

Mass A
Mo
ma lar
ss

lar
o
M ss
ma

Mol A
23

2
6.0

10
x
2

Atoms
Molecules
Formula Units

Mass B

Mol B

6.0
22
x

10 23

Atoms
Molecules
Formula Units

Stoichiometry Relationships

Moles and Grams

Aluminum is often used for the
structure of light-weight bicycle
frames. How many grams of Al
are in 3.00 moles of Al?
3.00 moles Al

? g Al

How many moles are there in 450 grams of Na 2SO4?

 Glucose burns in oxygen to form CO2 and H2O

according to this equation:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
How many grams of CO2 are produced from
burning 45.0 g of glucose?

Example 1 Mass-Mass
Problem
Glucose burns in oxygen to form CO and H O
2

according to this equation:

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

How many grams of CO2 are produced from

burning 45 g of glucose?
1.Make sure that the equations is balanced
2.Divide the mass of the given by its molar
3.Multiply by the mole ratio
4.Multiply by the molar mass of the required

45.0 g C6H12O6
180.0 g mol
C6H12O6

-1

6 mol CO2
x

1 mol C6H12O6

44.0 g mol CO2

-1

= 66.0 g of CO
7

How many moles ofoxygen is

required to burn 18.5gm of methane?

Hydrochloricacid reacts with

aluminum to produce hydrogen gas
andaluminumchloride. How many
grams ofhydrogen gas are produced
by 5.00 moles ofhydrochloric acid?

calcium hydroxide produced when

calcium carbide (CaC2) reacts with
0.64 grams ofwater to form calcium
hydroxide and ethyne(C2H2)?

How many moles of carbon monoxide must react with

oxygen to produce 0.69 grams of carbon dioxide?

Determine the mass of antimony(Sb)

produced when 12.46 moles of
antimony(III) oxide reacts with carbon to
produce antimony and carbon monoxide?

Determine the mass of Iron III oxide

formed when 25.1 g of iron reacts
with oxygen.

Mass-Mass Problem
What mass of Barium chloride is required to
react with 48.6 grams of sodium phosphate
according to the following reaction:
2 Na3PO4 + 3BaCl2 Ba3(PO4)2 + 6 NaCl

14

Example
What mass of Barium chloride is required
to react with 48.6 grams of sodium
phosphate according to the following
reaction
2 Na3PO4 + 3BaCl2 Ba3(PO4)2 + 6
NaCl
Molar Masses: Na3PO4 = 3(23.0)+31.0+4(16.0) =164 g mol-1
BaCl2 = 137.3 +2(35.5) = 208.3 g mol-1
48.6g Na3PO4
164.0 g mol
Na3PO4

-1

3 mol BaCl2
x

2 mol Na3PO4

= 92.6 g of BaCl2

208.3 g mol BaCl2

-1

15

Example
What mass of carbon dioxide is
produced from burning 100 grams of
ethanol in oxygen according to the
following reaction :
C2H5OH + 3 O2
2 CO2 + 3 H2O

16

Mole-Mass Problems
Problem 1: 1.50 mol of KClO3
decomposes. How many grams of O2 will
be produced? [k = 39, Cl = 35.5, O = 16]
2 KClO3
2 KCl + 3 O2

Calculate the mass of silver bromide

produced from 22.5 g of silver nitrate in
the following reaction:
2AgNO3(aq) + MgBr2(aq) 2AgBr(s) +
Mg(NO3)2(aq)