The Geographies of Secondary Economic

Activities I Manufacturing, Industry, etc.

GEOG 1HB3 (Fall 2016-17)

Human Geographies: City & Economy
Dr. Michael Mercier

Outline
Introduction
Secondary

Economic Activities
The Emergence of Industrial Activity
The Industrial Revolution
The

Geography of Manufacturing Global

Patterns
North America & Europe

Summary/Conclusion
Readings:

Chapter 13

Introduction
More

Developed World: transition

Changing

global geography

Introduction
Manufacturing
Newly

& industrial production:

industrializing countries:

Introduction
Manufacturing

Activity (c.2012)

MDW
Countries

$
(billions)

Overall
Rank

LDW
Countries

$
(billions)

Overall
Rank

United States

1,800

China

1,920

Japan

1,090

Russia

260

Germany

610

Brazil

254

South Korea

316

India

235

10

Italy

306

Indonesia

210

12

France

254

Mexico

198

13

United
Kingdom

230

11

Thailand

124

16

Spain

172

14

Turkey

123

17

Canada

169

15

Argentina

84

20

Australia

108

18

Malaysia

74

21

TOP 10

5,055

TOP 10

3,341

Secondary Economic Activities

Goods

Producing Sector

Manufacturing

Processing

Construction

Textiles & clothing

Food & beverage

Residential

Machinery & equipment

Wood (i.e. paper)

Commercial

Transportation equipment
(i.e. cars, planes, etc.)

Refineries

Municipal

Electronics

Chemicals (i.e.
pesticides,
pharmaceuticals, etc.)

Infrastructure

General manufacturing
(toys, household goods,
etc.)

Metals (iron, steel, etc.)

Repair

Plastics

Engineering

Secondary Economic Activities

Canada:

GDP comes from primary economic

activities
Agriculture, forestry & fishing =
Mining, oil & gas extraction =
Utilities (e.g. power generation, etc.) =
GDP comes from secondary economic
activities
Manufacturing & processing (industry) =
Construction =
GDP comes from tertiary (services)
activities

The Emergence of Industrial Activity

The

Industrial Revolution fundamentally changed

societies, cultures, economies, etc.

Industrialization

Q.

is closely aligned with:

Where did industrialization come from?

The Emergence of Industrial Activity

Pre-Industrial

Production

Industrial activity was everywhere: localized and

rudimentary
Skilled craftsmen/artisans
Every village, town, and city

The Emergence of Industrial Activity

The

Industrial Revolution: 18th & 19th

Centuries
A revolution in the way goods were produced
The steam engine

Machines

New sources of energy

The Emergence of Industrial Activity

The

Industrial Revolution: 18th & 19th

Centuries
Critical locations:
Northern England

Europe

The United States

Coal

The Emergence of Industrial Activity

The

Industrial Revolution (contd)

Essential Components

Manufacturing: World Patterns and

Trends
Manufacturing

& industrial activity slowly

overtook agriculture as the key part of the
economy in much of Europe & North America

And

over this period, other countries become

industrialized too

The

Geography of Industrialization:
Traditional Areas

Manufacturing: World Patterns and

Trends
Traditional

(Major) Industrial Areas:

Traditional Industrial Areas: Western

Europe
Comprised

Early

of numerous local industrial areas

19th C

major
market

Traditional Industrial Areas: North

America
The

U.S. northeast

Summary/Conclusion
The

emergence of industrial activity

The

history of industrial production

The

patterns of manufacturing and industry

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