What shape

can you
see?

SOLID
GEOMETRY II

LEARNING OUTCOMES
State the geometric properties of prisms,
pyramids, cylinders, cones and spheres.
Draw nets for prisms, pyramids,
cylinders and cones.
State and find surface areas of prisms,
pyramids, cylinders, cones and spheres.

DEFINITION
Solid geometry is concerned with
three-dimensional shapes.
Some examples of three-dimensional
shapes are:
Prisms
Pyramids
Cylinders
Cones
Spheres

12.1 PROPERTIES
SOLIDS

DESCRIPTION

PRISM

A solid with two congruent, parallel

bases which are polygons.

PYRAMID

A solid with a base which is a polygon

and triangular sides that converge at a
vertex.

CYLINDER

A solid with two parallel congruent

circular faces and a curved surface.

CONE

A solid with a circular base and a

vertex.

SPHERE

A solid having all of its points the same

distance from its centre.

EXAMPLES

Rectangular Prisms

Triangular Prisms

Hexagonal Prisms

Square Pyramids

Rectangular Pyramid

Triangular Pyramid

Hexagonal Pyramid

5 faces
8 edges
5 vertices
2 faces
2 edges
1 vertices
5 faces
9 edges
6 vertices

12.2 NETS OF GEOMETRIC

SOLIDS

A net is a two-dimensional
figure that can be folded
into a three-dimensional
solid.

EXAMPLE 1

1)

2)

3)

4)

WORKSHEET

12.3 SURFACE AREA

The surface area of a solid is the
total area of all the faces of the
solid.
It is measured using squares
Units include mm,cm,m,km.

SOLIDS

NETS

SURFACE AREA

PYRAMID
Area of four triangular faces + Area
of rectangular base

PRISM
Area of three rectangular faces +
Area of two triangular faces

Example 1:
Calculate the surface area of the pyramid shown.

SOLUTION
13 cm
10 cm

Area of square base

10 10 100cm 2
Area of a triangular face

1
10 12 60cm 2
2
Surface area of the pyramid

100 (4 60) 340cm

SURFACE AREA OF CYLINDER

r

l= circumference of the base circle 2r

Area of curved surface (rectangular) + Area of two circular faces.

2rh 2r

Example
Find the surface area of a cylinder
with a radius of 7 cm and a height of
22

20 cm. (Take
)
7

SOLUTION

r 7cm

h 20cm

Surface area of the cylinder

2r 2rh
2

22 2
22
2( )(7 ) 2( )(7)(20)
7
7

308 880 1188cm 2

SURFACE AREA OF CONE

l
l
r

rl
2
Area of circle = r
Area of sector =

Area of sector + Area of circle

rl r

Example
Calculate the surface area of a cone
with a radius of 5 cm and a slant
height of 8 cm. (Take 3.142)

SOLUTION

r 5cm

l 8cm

Surface area of the cone

rl r

(3.142)(5)(8) (3.142)(52 )

204.23cm

SURFACE AREA OF SPHERE

Surface area of a sphere = 4r

Where r is the radius of the sphere

Example:
Find the surface area of the sphere.
22
(Take )
7

SOLUTION
Surface area of the sphere:

22
4r 4 3.52 154cm 2
7
2

POP QUIZ

1) Find the surface area of the sphere

that has
3
a) radius = 1 m
11

b) diameter = 2.8cm

SOLUTION
a)

3
r 1
11
4r 2 4

22 14

7 11

20.3636

b) Diameter = 2.82
22
2.8 2
4r 4
(
) 24.64
7
2
2

2) Find the value of h for the solid

shown in the diagram if its surface
2
cm
area is 1551
.
22

Take
7
21 cm

h cm

SOLUTION
The solid given is cylinder.

21
r
2

2r 2 2rh 1551

22 21
22 21
2 2 h 1551
7 2
7 2

693 66h 1551

66h 858
h 13

h?

3) A cone has a base of diameter 14 cm.

Find the slant height of the cone if its
surface area 286 cm 2 .
22

Take
7

SOLUTION
Diameter =14 cm

r7

rl r 2 286
22
22 2

s
7
7 7 286

22 s 154 286
22l 132

l 6

l ?

4) A sphere has a surface area of

What is its radius?

4
804 mm 2.
7

Let r be the radius of the sphere.

2
4

r
Surface area of the sphere =
4
4r 804 mm 2
7
2

22
5632
2
4
r
7
7
88 2 5632
r
7
7
r 2 64

r 8

5) Calculate the value of

following solid.

x for the

10 cm

x cm

Surface area = 785 cm2

SOLUTION
r 10

22
22

rl r 2
10 l
10 2 785
7
7

220
2200
l
785
7
7
220
3295
l
7
7

l 14.97

6)
12 cm

5 cm

Calculate the surface area of the cone

Solution
13 cm

12 cm

5 cm

Surface area = 282.8571

7)

2.8 mm

If the diameter of the iron rod is 2.8 mm and the

surface area of the rod is 2.8mm, find its length.

Solution
r 1.4

22
22

2
2rh 2r 2 1.4 h 2 1.4 892.32
7
7

8.8h 12.32 898.32

h 100

Example 1
Find the total surface area of the
following solid. Take 3.142.

Example 2
The solid shown below consists of a
cone and a hemisphere with a common
base. What is the total surface area of
42 .
the solid? Take 3.1
Hemi
means half.

HOMEWORK

Ex12.3A, Ex12.3B, Ex12.3C

NEXT LESSON Chapter 13 - Statistics

http://www.harcourtschool.com/jingles/jingles_all/1what_am_i.html