ENHANCEMENT OF

GREENNESS OF NEW
CONSTRUCTIONS USING
THE DEA
Patel Dilipkumar Arvindkumar
Civil Engineering Department,
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat
Surat-395007 (Gujarat) India

Introduction

Sustainable construction (Pearce and Turner 1990) as maximising the net

benefits of economic development, subject to maintaining the services and
quality of natural resources over time

Green buildings are energy efficient, water conserving, durable and nontoxic, with high-quality spaces and high-recycled content materials (Vyas et
al., 2012; Vyas and Jha, 2016)

In India mainly three green building rating systems

Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) rating system

Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)

Eco-housing

IGBC
Sustainable architecture
and design
Site selection and
planning

7% 5%
14%

12%

Water conservation
Energy efficiency

16%

18%

28%

Building materials and

resources
Indoor environmental
qualityInnovation development

Introduction cont
Eco housing

GRIHA

sustainable site planning

8% 8%
6%
12%
6%
9%
14%
17%

20%

sustainable building material

water
solid waste management
performance monitoring and
validation

occupant comfort and well

being
energy
construction management
socio-economic strategies

site planning
8%
12%

environmental
architecture

14%
8%

energy conservation

15%
19%

water conservation
solid waste management

24%

Source:GRIHA rating, 2015

efficient building material

Source:Eco-housing manual 2006

other innovative measures

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

measurement of efficiency amongst the data available

nonparametric method of measuring the effectiveness of decision-making

units (DMUs)

efficiency is weighted sum of outputs to a weighted sum of inputs

Steps

1. Deciding the decision-making units (DMUs)

2. Selecting input/output variables for the DEA and running the DEA model
3. Selecting an appropriate DEA model
4. Running the DEA model and determining efficiency scores for factors

Methodology

Charnes-Cooper- Rhodes (CCR) DEA model

DMU

Inputs
Fund
availability

Outputs
Green building
attributes

Attributes which achieve

maximum greenness

The variables -cost involved in each attribute, -area of the site,

- maintenance cost of each attribute.

E.g. Energy performance selected -If we invest in this, the possible points
obtained can easily be increased.

Alternative transportation- Not selected- It depends on the locality of the site

Input, DMU and output data of

considered green building
S. No.

DMU

Cost (INR)
(I/P)

Area
(sqm)
(I/P)

Maintenance Change in
cost (INR)(I/P) greenness
points (O/P)

1.

Energy performance

20,000

1500

5,000

13

2.

Water use reduction

30,000

1500

1,000

3.

Storm water usage

30,000

1500

1,000

4.

10,000

1500

1,000

5.

Water efficient
landscaping
Thermal comfort

10,000

1500

500

6.
7.

Light sensors
12,000
Increased ventilation 5,000

1500
1500

1,000
500

1
1

8.
9.

Low VOC paints

Use of regional
materials
Utilization of fly ash

20,000
-5,000

1500
1500

5,000
1,000

2
2

-10,000

1500

2,000

Rapidly renewable
materials

20,000

1500

3,000

10.
11.

Results of the DEA model

S.No DMU
(2)

Efficienc Ranking Benchmarks

y score
based on (5)
efficienc
(3)
y score
(4)

1.
2.
3.
4.

325.00%
100.00%
50.00%
127.47%

1
5
7
4

2
4
2 (0.20), 4 (0.30)
6

100.00%
25.00%
50.00%
15.38%
200.00%

6
9
8
10
3

2
2
4
1
0

200.00%
11.76%

2
11

0
1 (0.06), 2 (0.01), 4
(0.05)

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

Energy performance
Water use reduction
Storm water usage
Water efficient
landscaping
Thermal comfort
Light sensors
Increased ventilation
Low VOC paints
Use of regional
materials
Utilization of fly ash
Rapidly renewable
materials

(0.08), 4 (0.42)
(0.01), 4 (0.24)
(0.25)
(0.15)

CONCLUSIONS
Important attribute in limited fund:
1. Energy performance,
2. Utilization of fly ash,
3. Use of regional materials,
4.Water efficient landscaping,
5.Thermal comfort,
6.Water use reduction

Thank you