WORK,

ENERGY,
AND POWER

WORK

Is the product of
force times
distance move in
one direction of
that force

W F d

d=distance move
in the direction of
the force
SI unit for work is
Newton. Meter
which is called
Joule

1N m 1J

EX.

Calculate the
work done by an
ambulance
attendant who
pushes a patient
on a wheelchair
with a horizontal
force of 25 N for a
distance of 3.0 m

W
W
W
W

Fd
(25 N )(3.0m)
75 N m
75 J

 Work is also
done in lifting
an object to a
greater height,
because the
force exerted
and the
distance move
are in the same
direction.

EX.

How much work is

done in lifting a 10
kg sack of
groceries 1.2 m
from the floor to a
table

W Fd

W (mg )(d )
W 10kg 9.8 m sec 2 1.2m
2
2
W 117.6kg m sec
W 118 J

EX

If a proud father
exerts a force of
10 N at an angle of
30 degrees below
the horizontal, how
much work does he
do in pushing the
baby carriage at a
distance of 5.0 m.

W Fd
W Fx d

W F cos 300 5.0m

W 10kg cos 300 5.0m

W 43.3 J

ENERGY

As the ability to
do work
Work done by a
system takes
energy out of it
exothermic
Work done on a
system puts
energy to itendothermic

Kinetic
Energyenergy in
2
1
motion
KE
mv W

POTENTIAL ENERGY

An energy due
to its shape or
position

W mgh PE

Other forms of energy

Thermal or internal
energy
Electric energy stored in
capacitor
Chemically stored Energy
-Units Kilocalorie-Cal
-1Kilocalorie or
Cal=4186 J

CONVERSION OF MASS TO
ENERGY

C-speed of

E mc 2

Calculate the amount

of energy obtained
from converting 1.0
gm of mass into
light
energy and compare
it to the 3000 kcal of
food used by a
2normal person
E = mc

c 3.0 10 m sec
8

E = (1.010-3 kg)(3.0108 m sec 2 )

13

E = 9.010 J
13

10

9.010 J 1kcal 4186J = 2.1510 kcal

2.151010 kcal
= 7.2106
3000kcal

POWER
Amount of work done
per unit time
W=work
T=time
It is also the rate at
which energy is used or
expended
SI unit-watt
1 W=1 J/sec
1(hp) horsepower=746
W

Calculate the amount

of power generated
by a 60 kg person
climbing in a 2.0 m
high flight of stairs
in 7.0 sec. repeat the
calculations for the
same person running
stairs in 2.0
P=up
W the
t
sec

W=mgh
t
(60kg)(9.8 m sec 2 )(2.0m)
P=
7.0sec
1176J
P=
7.0sec
P=168W=1681hp
=0.225hp
746W
P=

WORK, ENERGY AND

POWER IN HUMANS

Metabolic raterate of conversion

of food energy to
some other form
Basal Metabolic
Rate (BMR)-the
total energy
conversion of a
person at rest

Basal Metabolic Rate and Oxygen Consumption

Organ

Power consumed at rest

Oxygen
consumption

Percent of
BMR

(kcal/min)

(W)

(ml O2/min

Liver and
spleen

0.33

23

67

27

Brain

0.23

16

47

19

Skeletal
muscle

0.22

15

45

18

Kidney

0.13

26

10

heart

0.08

17

other

0.23

16

48

19

Totals

1.22

85

250

100

Note:
In resting 65 kg male
Other: includes digestive tract, smooth muscle, skin, etc.

 How many grams

of fat will an idle
person gain in a
day by consuming
2500kcal of food

1.22 kcal min 60 min hr 24 hr day =1757 kcal day

2500kcal 1757 kcal 743kcal
1g fat
Mass gain 743kcal
9kcal
Mass gain 80 g fat

Energy and Oxygen Consumption Rates

Activity

Power: Rate of Energy

Consumption

Oxygen
Consumption
(liters O2/min

(kcal/min)

(W)

Sleeping

1.2

83

0.24

Sitting at rest

1.7

120

0.34

Standing relaxed

1.8

125

0.36

Sitting in class

3.0

210

0.60

Walking Slowly(4.8
km/hr)

3.8

265

0.76

Cycling (13-18 km/hr)

5.7

400

1.14

shivering

6.1

425

1.21

Playing tennis

6.3

440

1.26

Swimming
breaststroke

6.8

475

1.36

Ice skating(14.5
km/hr)

7.8

545

1.56

Climbing stairs
(116/min)

9.8

685

1.96

Cycling (21 km/hr)

10.0

700

2.00

Playing Basketball

11.4

800

2.28

Cycling, Professional
racer

26.5

1855

5.30

Note: Normal 76 kg male

1. Compare the kinetic energy of a 50 kg athlete running at a

speed of 3.0 m/sec with that of a 25 kg cheetah running at
30 m/sec
2. Calculate the work done by a 55 kg person in climbing a
flight of stairs 2.0 m high.
3. How much work must a car produce to drive 150 km if an
average force of 500 N must be maintained to overcome
friction.
4. How much energy in kilocalories is expended against gravity
alone by a 75 kg man in climbing 1500 m up a mountain
5. A person in a wheelchair with a total mass of 100 kg is
pushed from rest to a speed of 2.0 m/sec. if the effective
coefficient of friction is 0.05 and the distance moved is 15 m
(a) calculate the work done (b) calculate the average force
that must be exerted on wheelchair to accomplish this
Assignment:
6. Calculate the energy in kilocalories needed to play tennis for 2.0 hr.
what fraction of this energy be supplied by soft drink containing 50
g sugar.
7. A 75 kg man climbs a mountain 1000 m high in 3.0 hr and uses 9.8
kcal/min