UNIT III

- Concept Objectives Scope- Need

voluntary welfare measures
statutory welfare measures
- Labour-welfare funds Education and
training schemes

DEFINITION OF LABOUR
WELFARE

According to ILO report,

Labour welfare means such services,
facilities, and amenities,
which may be established in, or in the
vicinity of undertakings
to enable persons employed therein to
perform their work in healthy and
congenial surroundings
and provided with amenities conducive to
good health and high morale.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LABOUR
WELFARE

1. Dynamic:

2. Complementary in nature:
3. Essential part of social welfare:
4. Dual Aspect:

OBJECTIVES OF LABOUR
WELFARE
1. Promote economic development:
2. To improve efficiency:
3. To provide proper human conditions of work
and living
4. To minimize hazards
5. To supplement wages in monetary teams
6. To prevent social evils:

SCOPE OF LABOUR
WELFARE

1. Conditions of work environment: Sanitation,

ventilation, lighting, elimination of dust etc.
2. Workers health services: Health centre,
medical examination,
3. Labour welfare programme: Factory council
consisting of representatives of labour and
employers,

4.Labours economic welfare programme:

Cooperatives, credit society, thrift schemes
and savings bank
5. General welfare work: Relief and
recreational activities, homes for the aged,
free medical etc

NEED OF LABOUR WELFARE

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Lack of strong labour union movement:

Illiteracy:
Problem of absenteeism and migration:
Low level of health and nutrition:
Extreme poverty:
Lack of training:
Lack of healthy recreation:
Industrial backwardness of India:

TYPES OF LABOUR WELFARE

ACTIVITIES
INTRA MURAL
ACTIVITIES:
Welfare amenities within the precincts of the
establishment are called intra mural welfare activities.
1. Drinking water
2. Facilities for sitting
3. First aid appliances
4. Latrines and unrinals
5. Canteen facilities
6. Spittoons
7. Lighting:
8. Washing places
9. Changing rooms
10.Rest rooms

 EXTRA MURAL FACILITIES:

1.Maternity benefits
2.Social insurance measures
3.Medical facilities
4.Educational facilities
5.Recreation facilities
6.Holiday homes and leave travel facilities
7.Vocational training for dependents of
workers
8.Transport to and from the place of work
9.Other programmes for the welfare of
women, youth and children

PRINCIPLES OF LABOUR
WELFARE

1. Principles of adequacy of wages:

2. Principles of social liability of industry:
3. Principles of efficiency:
4. Principles of increase in personality:
5. Principles of totality of welfare:
6. Principles of coordination or integration:
7. Principles of democratic values:
8. Principles of responsibility:
9. Principles of accountability:
10.Principles of timely:
11.Principles of self-help:

1.
2.

THEORIES OF LABOUR
WELFARE

Policing theory:
Religious theory:
Investment aspect
Atonement aspect
3. Philanthropic theory:
4. Trusteeship theory:
5.Placating theory:
6. Public Relation theory:
7. Functional theory:
8. Social theory:

AGENCIES OF LABOUR WELFARE

ACTIVITIES
1.

Government: Numerous laws

Factories Act, 1948
Mines Act, 1952
Plantations Labour Act, 1951
The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958
Dock workers Scheme, 1961
Motor Transport worker Act, 1961
The Contract labour Act, 1970
Inter-State Migrant workmen Act 1979

2. EMPLOYERS

Employers have direct responsibility to

provide welfare facilities to the
employees
Their active involvement in the
employee welfare facilities
Welfare faclitesattract and retain the
talented employees
Not
confined
only
to
welfare
associations, death donations
Appoint labour welfare officer

3. TRADE UNIONS
Active role in offering welfare
activities
Welfare facilities may be offered by
the trade unions independently or in
collaboration.
Provide non-statutory facilities like
education for workers

VOLUNTARY/NON-STATUTORY
WELFARE MEASURES

1. Education: 1957
- Develop strong unions through trained officials
- Develop leadership from the rank and file
-Equip organized labour to take its place in a
democratic society
- Promote among workers, a greater
understanding of the problem --privileges and
obligations

2. Housing: Primary need of a workers family

Industrial housing scheme1952need for
housing accommodation
Central Government offers loans to industrial
workersconstructing houses at concessional
rates
Low income group housing scheme[1954]
Subsidized housing scheme for economically
weaker sections of society [1952]
Rural
house-sites-cum-hut
construction
scheme for landless workers [1971]

3. Transportation:
Committee on labour welfare, 1969
provision of transport facilities to workers
reach workplace punctually and comfortably
Providing company owned/leased vehicles
major industrial centresprivate sector
Innovative financing schemes in recent times
buy own bicycles, scooters, motor cycles

4. Recreation:
Recreation facilities for sportscultural
activities
NIIT and TISCO appointed Chief Fun
Officer take care of parties and functions
every Friday, sprawling food courts, basket
ball courts etc.

5. Other Facilities:
1.Canteen, restrooms, lunchrooms
2.Washing facilities, medical aid, leave travel
concession
3.Consumer cooperative stores: ILO in 1963
recommended in all industrial establishments
including plantations and mines with >=300
workers.
4.Personal health care[Regular medical checkups]:
5.Flexi-time:

6. Employee assistance programmes:

7. Harassment policy:
8. Maternity and adoption leave:
9. Medi-claim insurance scheme:
10. Employee referral scheme:

1.

STATUTORY WELFARE
MEASURES

Factories Act, 1948:

Washing facilities for male and female workers
Facilities for storing and drying clothes
Facilities for occassional rest for workers who
work in standing position
First aid1 for every 150 workers and
ambulance facility if there >= 500 workers

2. PLANTATION LABOUR ACT,

1951

1. A Canteen, if 150 or more workers are

employed
2. Creche, if 50 or more women workers
are employed
3. Recreational facilities for workers and
their children
4. Educational arrangements in the estate
if there are 25 or more children of
workers, between the age of 6 and 12
5. Housing facilities for every worker
residing in the estate

6. Medical aid to workers and their families,

sickness and maternity allowance
7. Providing umbrellas, blankets, raincoats to
workers as a protection against rain or cold
8. Welfare officer, if 300 or more workers are
employed.
9. Canteens, >=250 workers
10. Shelters, rest-rooms and lunch rooms >=150
workers
11. Creche, if 30>= workers are employed
12. Welfare officer, if 500> are employed

3. MINES ACT, 1952

1. Shelters for taking food and rest, if 50 or
more workers are employed
2. First aid boxes and first-aid rooms, if 150 or
more workers are employed
3. Canteen, if employing 250 or more workers
4. A creche, if employing 50 or more females
5. Pit-head baths equipped with showers,
sanitary latrines
6. Welfare officer, if 500 or more workers are
employed

4. Motor transport Workers Act, 1961

1. First aid equipment in each transport vehicle
2. Medical facilites at the operating and halting
centres
3. Canteen, if employing 100 or more workers
4. Comfortable, clean, ventilated and welllighted rest rooms at every place
5. Prescribed amount of washing allowance to
the above staff members

5. CONTRACT LABOUR
ACT
1970
Canteen if employing 100 or more workers

1.
2. Rest rooms or other suitable alternatives
accommodation
3. Washing facilities
4. First aid boxes equipped with prescribed
contents

IMPORTANCE OF LABOUR WELFARE

ACTIVITIES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

High employee retention

Improve productivity and efficiency
Better focus on job
Preserve physical and mental health
Improve the standard of living
Cordiality in labour-management relations
Improves morale and loyalty of workers
Reduces government intervention

LIMITATION
1. High labour cost
2. Absence of measurement tool
3. Lack of justification for expenditure

LABOUR WELFARE
FUNDS
Ministry of labour
administers 5 different

labour welfare funds, governed by

different legislations
1.Mica Mines Labour Welfare Fund Act, 1946
2.The Limestone and Dolomite Mines Labour
Welfare Fund Act, 1972
3.The Iron Ore, Manganese Ore, and Chrome
Ore Mines Labour Welfare Fund Act, 1976
4.The Cine Workers welfare fund aact, 1981
5.Beedi Workers welfare fund act, 1976

SCHEMES UNDER LABOUR WELFARE FUND

1. Public health and sanitation
2. Housing
3. Recreational
4. Social security
5. Educational facilities
6. Water supply
7. Transportation
8. Medical facilities
9. Group Insurance schemes
10. Family welfare

LEVELS OF LABOUR WELFARE FUND

1. Centre-wise labour welfare funds
2. State-wise labour welfare funds
Centre-wise Labour welfare funds:
Outside the framework of specific employer
and employee relationship
Raised by imposing cess on the commercial
activity of the target group
Ministry of labour is responsible for the
administration of these funds

i. Beedi workers welfare cess act,

1976: Provides for levy of cess by
way of excise duty on manufactured
beedis
ii. The Cine workers welfare cess
act, 1981: Provides for duty of cess,
at such rate not being less than one
thousand rupees
- and not exceeding 20,000 rupees, on
every feature film
20,000Hindi and English
10000 Regional film

3. The iron ore, manganese ore and chrome

ore mines labour welfare cess act, 1976:
This act provides for levy and collection of
cess on iron ore, manganese ore and chrome
ore
4. The limestone and Mines Labour Welfare
Fund Act, 1972:
Levy and collection of cess on limestone and
dolomite as a duty of excise
5. Mica Mines Labour Welfare Fund Act,
1946:
This act provides for levy and collection of
cess on all mica exported as duty of customs

STATE WISE LABOUR

WELFARE
FUNDS
Bombay labour welfare fund act:

1.
Passed in the year 1953 by Bombay
Government.
Enforced in 6 towns of Gujarat area which
were in Bombay State
Finance activities to promote welfare of
labour in the State of Gujarat.
Main activities:
Community and social education reading
rooms and libraries

2. Community necessities
Games and sports
Entertainment and other forms of recreation
Home industries and subsidiary occupation for
women and unemployed persons
Cooperate activities of a social nature
Cost of administering the act including the
salaries and allowances of the staff
Improve the standard of living and ameliorate
the social conditions of labour.

2. GUJARAT LABOUR
WELFARE
a. Education
centres FUND
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

Social Activities
Sports
Tourism
Entertainment
Gruh udhyog
Improving the standard of living of
workers.

 The activities are conducted through the media

of labour welfare centre
Board is conducting 53 labour welfare centres
spread over in 26 industries
Nursery school fully equipped for Montessori
system
Part-time nursery schools[Shishu Mandirs]
Balwadi
Reading rooms and circulating libraries
Classes for tailoring course for women and
childrens garments Play centres.

3. KARNATAKA LABOUR WELFARE FUND

It extends to the whole of the state of Karnataka
For financing and conducting activities to
promote welfare of labour in the State of
Karnataka
4. UP Sugar and poser alcohol industries Labour
Welfare and Development Funds:
1950
Consists of three accounts:
Housing account98%
General welfare account1%
Development account1%

5. Assam Tea Plantation Employees

Welfare fund:
1959
Applicable to all tea plantations including all
estates registered under the Tea Act, 1953 in
the state of Assam.
The tea board constituted by an Act of
Parliament, deals with the development of
tea business in the country.
Estimated budget --- roughly 5 crore per year
Worked well with funds from Central
Government

 Directorate for welfare of tea garden

tribesimplements schemes
Education promotion
Grants-in-aid under family oriented
income generating schemes
Assam Tea Plantation Employees
welfare fund consists of
a.All fines realised from the employees
in the course of management of the
plantation
b.All unpaid accumulations

c. All grants from the state and Central

Government or the tea board
constituted under the Tea Act, 1953
d. Any voluntary donations and
e. Any sum unclaimed or forfeited in
the provident account of the
employees.

6. KERALA TODDY WORKERSWELFARE

FUND
Called as Kerala toddy workers welfare
fund[amendment] Act, 2009
The employers contribution under subsection [1] of Section 4 of the kerala
Toddy Workers Welfare Fund Act, 1969
is 8% of the wages for the time being
payable to each of the employees

 No separate provision for payment of

compensation to the toddy workers
for injury sustained during the course of
employment
or to his legal heirs in the event of his death
Revised from 8% to 10%, by inserting sub-section
for levying
from the employer ten rupees each for every half
year
in the case of every coconut tree and 20 rupees
each for every year
in the case of every palmirah tree tapped for
payment of compensation

EDUCATION SCHEMES FOR

WORKERS

Workers education: Means of providing

workers and their representatives
with the training they need to play an effective
role in the economic and social life of their
societies.

CENTRAL BOARD OF
WORKERS EDUCATION
SCHEME
[CBWE]
Sponsored by the Ministry of Labour, Government of
India implements the workers education scheme at
National, Regional, Unit, and Village levels.
-It has following features
1. Tripartite body: Consists of representatives from
Central Organizations of workers, employers,
central/state governments and educational
institutions
2. Effective Participation: Awareness created

3. Training Programmes: Different types of

training programmes are organized
organized, unorganized, rural and informal
sectors
4. Educational Need: Boards programmes
reflect the new orientation

OBJECTIVES OF CBWE
To empower the workerssense of
belongingness
Develop capacity of workers
Develop leadership from among the rank and
file of workers
Develop strong, united and more responsible
trade unions
Strengthen democratic processes and traditions

 greater understanding of their social and

economic environment,
their responsibilities towards family members,
their rights and obligations as citizens,
Equip all sections of workers, including rural
workers, for intelligent participation in social
and economic development

FUNCTIONS OF CBWE
1.Administration of the workers education
scheme at all levels
2. Establishment of regional centres in places of
industrial importance on the pattern of the
Central Board
3. Training of education officers and worker
teachers
4. Preparation of study material in the form of
pamphets, book, charts
5. Arranging programmes for instruction on trade
consciousness

6.

Encouraging employeers and workers

organizations to promote their own workers
education schemes
7. Evaluating the progress of the schemes and
taking measures to correct deficiences
8. Providing instruction to all industrial workers

PROGRAMMES UNDER CBWE

SCHEMES
I. TRAINING PROGRAMMES FOR WORKERS

IN THE ORGANIZED SECTOR:

1. National Level Programmes:
- At first level, training is given to the
candidate selected
- through country-wide advertisement
for employment as education officers
of the Board
4 monthsafter trainingofficers are
posted
at
different
regional
directorates

Indian Institute of Workers education1970

Central board of Workers Education
Aim:

enable the Board to conduct national level

training programmes
Develop stronger and more responsible trade
unions,
Promote the growth of democratic process in
trade union organization

 Equip organized labour to take its place in

democratic society spirit of commonality of
interests
Conducts pre-employment course for
education officers and refresher, and
staff
Serves as a demonstration and
information centreacts as nucleus
around.

2. REGIONAL LEVEL
PROGRAMMES
At the second level, workers from
different establishments,
sponsored by the trade unions and
released by the employers,
are trained at the regional
directorates
Trained workers are called trainers

 Period: Continuous full-time, 3

months in batches of about 20-30
Selected by the local committee
Director of Regional centres from
various industrial units
Emphasistrade unionism, economic
of trade, labour laws and workers
education

 For outside trainees, programme is

organized nearer to their places at
sub-regional centres
Board spends up to Rs. 80 per
trainee for an all India study tour
At the regional level, the expenditure
is categorised into 2 types
administration--- implementation of
the scheme

3. Unit Level
Programmes

The unit level is the third stage where the

trained worker trainers impart education
Advantages:
Large number of workers can be trained
Training can be conducted in house
Cost of training can be reduced to a large
extent.

 Classes are conducted by the worker trainer on a

full time/part time basis
Part-time: Classes are conducted for 1 hour daily
Under the supervision and guidance of the
Education Officers of the respective Regional
Directorates of CBWE.
He inspects the classes as and when required to
help worker trainers and monitors the activity
Study material given during the classes
Worker trainer is paid honorarium

II. SPECIAL PROGRAMME FOR RURAL WORKERS AND

WORKERS IN UNORGANIZED SECTOR

Objectives:
1.Promote among the rural workers,
critical awareness of problems of their
socio-economic environment
2.To educate the rural workers with a
view to inculcating self-confidence
and a scientific attitude in them
3.Motivate rural workers to adopt family
planning and combat social evils.

TRAINING SCHEMES
DGET [Directorate General of Employment and
Training]
is headed by the Director General of Employment
and Training/Joint Secretary to the Govt.
It is the apex organization for development and
coordination at national level for the programmes
Employment service is operated through a
countrywide network of employment exchanges
Industrial training institutes are under the
administrative and financial control of State.

FUNCTIONS AND WORKING

OF DGET

1. Frame overall policies, norms, standards for

vocational training
2. Diversify, update and expand training
facilities
3. Organize and conduct specialised training and
research
4. Implement, regulate and increase the scope of
training of apprentices

6. Collect and disseminate information

concerning employment
7. Organise vocational training prg for women
8. Provide vocational guidance and employment
counseling
9. Assist SC/ST enhance capabilities for wage
employment
10. Conduct regular training prgemployment

TRAINING SCHEMES AND

EMPLOYMENT FUNCTIONS
OF DGET

1. Apprenticeship training scheme:

Upgradation of skillsHRD
National Apprenticeship Scheme
1959 on a voluntary basis, followed
by the Apprentices Act,--1961
Training of trade apprentices only,
but after a number of amendments

2. Craft Instructors Training Scheme:

Provide semi-skilled workmen to industries
Helps job-seekers in improving their
employability
DGET,
Ministry of Labour, GoI, the
guidelines for implementation of CTS.
Duration : 1 to 3 years

3. Craftsmen Training
Scheme
DGE &T in the ministry of Labour and

Employment, GoI, initiated the CTS in 1950

by establishing about 50 it is for imparting
skills in various vocational trades
to meet the skilled manpower requirments
for technology and industrial growth of the
country.
Give systematic training to school dropouts
Reduce unemployment among educated
youth

4. WOMENS VOCATIONAL
TRAINING PROGRAMME
Ministry of Labour, DGE&T
designed and launched in 1977

was

Promote the women employment as

semi-skilled/skilled and highly skilled
workers

5. Skill Development
Initiative Scheme
SDIMinistry of labour and DGE&T
Provde vocational training to school
drop-outs, existing workers, ITI
graduates
Build the capacity in the area of
development
of
competency
standards,

6. Staff Training Research

Programme
Established in 1968 by GoI in collaboration
with the Federal Republic of Germany
CSTARI[Central Staff Training and Research
Institute] at Calcutta is engaged in research,
development and staff training
Central Instructional Media Institute [CIMI]
1986 at Madras in collaboration with the
German Government development of
instructional media packages and question
banks for different trades.

7. Hi-tech training
Scheme[HTS]

DGET :
It is one of the former world bank assisted
vocational training project
It is now governed through GoI funding
Attempts to generate trained personnel by
empowering their skills through the
application of electronics,

EMPLOYMENT FUCNTIONS
DGET at national level are as follows:
1.Assessment and monitoring of
employment, unemployment and
labourforce in the country:
2.National Employment Service:
3.Vocational Rehabilitatiion of persons
with disability
4.Coaching-cum-guidance to SC/ST

1.Assessment and monitoring of

employment,
unemployment
and labour force in the country:
As per allocation of business by the
parliament,
employment
and
unemployment

2.NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT
SERVICE
These functions within the conceptual
framwork of ILO Convention No.88 on
Organization of Employment Services.
Functions through the network of
employment exchangesrun by state
govt
Training of officers and evaluation of
the
prgresponsibilities
of
employment Directorate of DGET

Main Functions of employment Exchanges

Registration and placement of job
seekersproper
balance
between
demand and supply
Collect comprehensive employment
market information on a quarterly basis
Career
counseling
and
vocational
guidance
Conduct area specific study/surveys
assessment of skills available and the
marketable skills

Publicationsnetwork of National employment

Service
Employment exchange statistics
Quick estimate of employmetn in
organized sector
Quarterly employment review
Annual employment review
Educational and occupational pattern of
employment
Census of Central Government employees
Bulletin of job opportunities
Apprenticeship training in India