MATHEMATICS 7

NUMBER SENSE:
SETS AND SET
OPERATIONS

Mr. Gerald DG Banaag

Elizabeth Seton School
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
How do we know when an object is
intrinsically part of a set or not? Why do
we have to consider objects as such?
Why do you think the study of the
concept of sets important?
How is the concept of sets being used in
other fields of study?
Which is more essential: the learning of
the concept of sets or the acquisition of
knowledge of the set of real numbers?
WHAT YOULL LEARN?
KWLH Chart
Describe and illustrate well-defined sets,
subsets, universal set, and null set.
Define and describe the union and
intersection of sets and the complement of a
set.
Use Venn diagram to represent sets, subsets,
and set operations.
Explain the concept of Venn diagram.

Create a Venn diagram of elements classified

in different sets.
Solve problems involving sets.
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
Personality Development
1. Why do we have to consider ourselves as part of a
group?
2. Is it possible for someone to be part of more than one
group?
3. Is it beneficial to be part of any group?
4. How did you relate the lessons with your personal
experiences as a teenager?
5. How do you think these lessons will affect your
personality and outlook in life?

. Learning Process
1. How did you learn the lesson on sets?
2. Which part of the lesson struck you the most? Why?
 EXPLORATION
Group yourselves according to the photos you
have. Make sure that you have a definite
description of your group.
 GUIDE QUESTIONS
How many elements do you have in your group?

How do you define the cardinal number of a set?

Is it possible to have other sets which are

smaller/larger than a given set?

What do we mean when we say that two or more

sets are equal or equivalent? How do you
differentiate an equal sets from equivalent sets?
 DEFINITION
The cardinal number of a set A, denoted by n(A), is
the number of elements in the set.
ex. 5
Given A = {a, e, i, o, u}, then n(A) = ______.

Two sets that contain exactly the same number of

equivalent sets
elements are ____________________.
ex. Given A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {a, b, c, d}, we
say that A is equivalent to B.
In symbols, A
___________
B
Two sets that contain exactly the same elements
equal sets
are said to be _____________________.
ex. Given A = {a, b, c, d, e} and B = {e, i, o, u,
a}, we say that A is equal to B.
In symbols, A=B
___________
DYAD ACTIVITY
Equal and Equivalent Sets
Are the following sets equal?

1. A = {c, a, r} and B = {a, r, c}

2. C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . . } and
D = {5, 10, 15, 20, . . . }

Are the following sets equivalent?

1. A = {c, a, r} and B = {a, r, c}
2. C = {m, a, t, h, e, i, c, s} and
D = {e, n, g, l, i, s, h}
EXPLORATION
May I know whats inside your bags?

Kindly choose five objects from your bag and show

them to your seatmate.
Do you have the same five objects from your bag?

Guide Questions:
How do you identify sets contained in another set?

How do you classify subsets of a given set that is not

the set itself?
 DEFINITION
Set A is a subset of set B, written as A B, if and
only if, every element in A is also an element in B.
ex. Given A = {2, 4, 6, 8, . . . } and
AB
B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . . }, then ________.

Since every element that is in Set A is also

contained in Set B. Therefore, we can say that Set
A is contained in Set B.
 HERE ARE WAYS OF DESCRIBING
A SET.
The Roster Notation or Listing Method
This is a method of describing a set by listing
each element of the set inside the symbol { }. In
listing the elements of the set, each distinct
elements is listed once and the order of the elements
does not matter.

ex. Colors of the rainbow

R = {red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet}

[List the elements in Exploration # 2]

 HERE ARE WAYS OF DESCRIBING
A SET.
The Set Builder Notation
It is a method that lists the rules that determine
whether an object is an element of the set rather
than the actual elements.

ex. All cities in the Philippines

A = {x| x is a city in the Philippines}

read as:
A is the set of all x such that x is a city in the
Philippines.
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Describe the following sets using the specified
methods.
A. Write a verbal description for each of the following
sets:
1. D = {1, 3, 5, 7, . . . }
2. E = {a, b, c, . . . , z}
3. F = {4, 8, 12, 16, . . . , 96}

Answer:
1. The set of odd numbers.
2. The set of small letters in the English alphabet.
3. The set of multiples of 4 between 0 and 100.
 FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Describe the following sets using the specified
methods.
B. List the elements of the following sets:
1. M = {x|x > 7, x is an odd integer}
2. A = {x|7 < x < 8, x is a counting number}
3. T = {x|x is a city in Metro Manila}
4. H = {x|x is a counting number between 7 and 10}
Answers:
1. M = {9, 11, 13, 15, 17, . . . }
2. A = { } or
3. T = {Manila, Caloocan, Las Pias, . . . Pasig}
4. H = {8, 9}
 FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Describe the following sets using the specified
methods.
C. Write a rule for the following:
1. S = {a, e, i, o, u}
2. E = {3, 6, 9, . . . , 30}
3. T = {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, . . . , Sunday}

Answers:
1. S = {x x is a vowel in the English alphabet}
2. E = {x 3 x 30, x is a multiple of 3}
3. T = {x x is a day in week}
SUMMING UP
Can you share to the class some
new terms you learned today?

Which definition struck you the

most?

If you can share a topic that you

learned today to a friend, what
would it be? Why?
HOMEWORK

Bring a photo of your favorite actors

Define the following:

1. Equal
2. Equivalent
3. cardinality of a set
4. Universal Sets
5. Subsets