Gas Turbine

Fundamentals &
Mark-VIe Control
System
Brayton Cycle
Unlike diesels, operate on STEADY-FLOW cycle

Open cycle, unheated engine

1-2: Compression

2-3: Combustion

3-4: Expansion through

Turbine and Exhaust Nozzle

Basic Components
Basic Components
Compressor
Draws in air & compresses it

Combustion Chamber
Fuel pumped in and ignited to burn with
compressed air
Turbine
Hot gases converted to work
Can drive compressor & external load
Basic Components
Compressor
Draws in air & compresses it

Combustion Chamber
Fuel pumped in and ignited to burn with
compressed air
Turbine
Hot gases converted to work
Can drive compressor & external load
Compressor
Supplies high pressure air for combustion
process
Compressor types
Radial/centrifugal flow compressor
Axial flow compressor
 Compressor
Radial/centrifugal flow
Adv: simple design, good for low
compression ratios (5:1)
Disadv: Difficult to stage, less
efficient

Axial flow
Good for high compression ratios

(20:1)
Compressor
Controlling Load on Compressor
To ensure maximum efficiency and allow for
flexibility, compressor can be split into HP & LP
sections
Vane control: inlet vanes/nozzle angles can be
varied to control air flow
Compressor Stall
Interruption of air flow due to turbulence
Use of Compressed Air
Primary Air (30%)
Passes directly to combustor for combustion
process
Secondary Air (65%)
Passes through holes in perforated inner shell &
mixes with combustion gases
Film Cooling Air (5%)
Insulates/cools turbine blades
Introduction Mark-VIe
Mark* VIe is a flexible control system for multiple
applications.
It features high-speed ,networked I/O for simplex,
dual, and triple redundant systems. Industry
standard Ethernet communications are used for
I/O, controllers, and supervisory interface to
operator and maintenance stations, and third-
party systems.
ToolboxST* is used for Mark VIe and related
controls as a common software platform for
programming, configuring I/O, trending, and
analyzing diagnostics.
Architecture :-
A single-board controller is the heart of the
system. It includes the main processor and
redundant Ethernet drivers for communicating
with networked I/O and additional Ethernet drivers
for the control network. A QNX real-time,
multitasking operating system is used for the
main processor and I/O.
IONet is a dedicated, full-duplex, point-to-point
protocol that provides a deterministic, high-speed
100 MB communications network suitable for local
or remote I/O with a fiber interface. It provides
communication between the main processor(s)
and networked I/O blocks, called I/O packs.
Each I/O pack is mounted on a board with barrier or
box-type terminal blocks. The I/O pack contains two
Ethernet ports, a power supply, a local processor, and
a data acquisition board. Computation power grows as
I/O packs are added to the control system, enabling an
overall control system frame rate of 10 ms in simplex,
dual, or triple redundant configuration.

Redundancy :-
Power sources and supplies
Controllers (main processor)
I/O network redundancy
I/O packs per terminal board
Ethernet Ports / I/O pack
single, dual, and triple
single, dual, and triple
single, dual, and triple
single, dual, and triple
single or dual
Operator and Maintenance Tools
Operator Interface
The operator interface is commonly referred to
as the Human-Machine Interface(HMI). It is a
computer with a Microsoft Windows-based
operating system, client/server capability, a
CIMPLICITY graphics display system, and
software maintenance tools (ToolboxST). It can
be applied as:
Primary operator station for one unit or the
entire plant
Maintenance station gateway
Engineers station
Software
Maintenance Tools
(ToolboxST)
The Mark VIe is a fully programmable control
system. Application software is maintained by
factory software automation tools that select
proven GE control and protection algorithms
and integrate them with the I/O, sequencing,
and displays for each application. Multiple
block libraries are provided with general-
purpose blocks, math blocks, macros (user
blocks), and application-specific blocks.
Diagnostics :-
Thank You for Your
Attention