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Oral Health in
Adolescence
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Introduction
Many childhood risk factors persist and new oral health risk factors
may emerge during adolescence. Opportunities exist to prepare,
educate, and empower adolescents to take control of their oral
health as they move toward adulthood.
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Learner Objectives
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Dental Caries
The pit and fissure surfaces of the molars are the most
common site of caries.
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Dental Caries, continued
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Anticipatory Guidance
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Anticipatory Guidance, continued
Encourage and assist in referrals for dental visits that can provide preventive strategies such as dental sealants,
topical fluoride, plaque and calculus removal, and restorative measures.
Promote a healthy diet with rare snacking on sugary or acidic foods and liquids.Counsel on risk of vending
machine options as these are often placed in locations that teens frequent.
Encourage and empower parental assistance in oral hygiene for adolescents with special health care needs.
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Gingivitis
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Periodontitis
factors can affect the periodontal Antonio Moretti, DDS, MS Associate Professor, Department
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Localized Aggressive
Periodontitis
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Risk Factors for Oral Trauma
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Tobacco
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Oral Effects of Tobacco
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Illicit Drugs
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Methamphetamines
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Meth Mouth
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Meth Mouth, continued
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Cannabis
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Oral Cancer
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Signs and Symptoms of Oral Cancer
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Procedure-Related Risks
Swelling
Infection
Oral piercing carries a risk for infection due to trauma of the
skin or oral tissues and the vast amount of bacteria in the
mouth.
Blood-borne disease transmission - Possible transmission of
Hepatitis B, C, D, or G if the procedure is performed in non-
sterile manner.
Endocarditis
Oral piercing is a route of entry of bacteria into the bloodstream
May result in endocarditis for patients with cardiac abnormalities
Prolonged bleeding and possible nerve damage
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Jewelry-Related Complications
Used with permission from the Martha Ann Keels, DDS, PhD;
evaluation.
Division Head of Duke Pediatric Dentistry, Duke Children's Hospital
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Grills
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Question #1
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Answer
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Question #2
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Answer
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Question #3
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Answer
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Question #4
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Answer
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Question #5
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Question #5
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References
1. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Guideline on Adolescent Oral Health Care. AAPD
Reference Manual. 2005-2006. P. 72-79.
2. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on Intraoral/Perioral Piercing and Oral
Jewelry/Accessories. Revised 2011. Reference Manual. 35 (6): 65-66. Accessed December 20,
2013.
3. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Periodontal Diseases of Children and Adolescents.
Reference Manual. 2004; 35(6): 338-345.
3. American Dental Association. Grills, grillz, and fronts. JADA. 2006; 137:1192.
4. American Dental Association. Oral piercing and health. JADA. 2001; 132:127.
5. Borgnakke W, Ylostalo P, Taylor G. et al. Effect of periodontal disease on diabetes: Systematic
review of epidemiologic observational evidence. J Periodontol. 2013; 84(4 Suppl): 135152.
6. Brown LJ, Brunelle JA, Kingman A. Periodontal status in the United States, 1988-1991:
prevalence, extent and demographic variations [special issue]. J Dent Res. 1996; 75:672-83
7. Campbell A, Moore A, Williams E, Stephens J, Tatakis DN. Tongue piercing: impact of time and
barbell stem length on lingual gingival recession and tooth chipping. J Periodontology. 2002;
73(3):289-297.
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References
8. Casamassimo P. Bright futures in practice: Oral health. Arlington, VA. National Center for
Education in Maternal and Child Health. 1996.
9. CDC. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, United States 2009, Surveillance Summaries, June 4.
MMWR 2010; 59(No. SS-5).
10. Dietrich T, Sharma, P, Walter, C et al. The epidemiological evidence behind the association
between periodontitis and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. J Periodontol. 2013; 84
(Suppl 4), 7084.
11. Hollowell WH, Childers NK. A New Threat to Adolescent Oral Health: The Grill. Pediatr Dent.
2007; 29(4): 320-2.
12. Howe AM. Methamphetamine and childhood and adolescent caries. Aust Dent J. 1995;
40(5):340.
13. Ide M, Papapanou PN. Epidemiology of association between maternal periodontal disease and
adverse pregnancy outcomes - systematic review. J Periodontol. 2013. 84(4 Suppl): 181194.
14. Kapferer I, Beier US, Persson RG. Tongue Piercing: The Effect of Material on Microbiological
Findings. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2011; 49(1):76-83.
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References, continued
15. Linden GJ, Lyons A, Scannapieco FA. Periodontal systemic associations: review of the evidence.
J Periodontol. 2013; 84(Suppl 4):S8-S19.
16. Ludwig DS, Peterson KE, Gormaker SL. Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened
drinks and childhood obesity: A prospective, observational analysis. Lancet. 2001; 357(9255):
505-8.
17. Oh TJ, Eber R, Wang HL. Periodontal diseases in the child and adolescent. J Clin Periodontol.
2002; 29(5):400-10.
18. The Society of Teachers of Family Medicine. Smiles for Life: A national oral health curriculum.
Available online at: wwwsmilesforlifeoralhealth.org. Accessed May 25, 2013.
19. US Department of Health and Human Services. Oral health in America: A Report of the Surgeon
General. Rockville MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of
Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; 2000. Available online at
www.nidcr.nih.gov/DataStatistics/SurgeonGeneral. Accessed January 18, 2013.
20. Wyshak G. Teenaged girls, carbonated beverage consumption, and bone fractures. Arch
Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000; 154(6):610-3.
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