Prof.Dr.H.

Gusbakti, MSc, PKK,AIFM

Department Physiology
UISU
Pendahuluan

TOLAK UKUR KEMAJUAN SUATU BGS

HARAPAN HIDUP PDDKNYA
INDONESIA DIPROYEKSIKAN > 70 THN
PROSES AGING PROSES MISTERI
KEHIDUPAN
MRPK PROSES MENGHILANGNYA PER
LAHAN KEMAMPUAN JAR
MEMPERBAIKI DAN MEMPERTAHANKAN
STRUKTUR FUNGSI NORMALNYA
LIFE SPAN MAHLUK HIDUP
BULUS : 170 THN BANGAU : 35 THN
MANUSIA : 116 THN KUCING : 30 THN
KERANG : 80 THN ANJING : 27 THN
KAKAKTUA: 70 THN SAPI : 20 THN
GAJAH : 70 THN KELINCI : 18 THN

BURUNG HANTU: 68 THN AYAM 14 THN

KUDA TIKUS/MENCIT: 5 THN
: 62 THN
KECOA : 1 THN
CHIMPANSEE: 50 THN
NYAMUK : 5 BLN
GORILLA : 48 THN
LALAT : 70 HARI
BERUANG : 47 THN

CATATAN:
LIFE SPAN PENDEK BINATANG2 HIDUP DI ALAM BEBAS
KERUSAKAN SEL,JAR & ORGAN RADIKAL
BEBAS TBH PUNYA PENANGKAL DLM
BTK ENZIM SEP;SUPEROKISIDADISMUTASE
(Zn,Cu,Mn); KATALASE (Fe: heme) ;
GLUTATIO PEROKSIDASE (Se); DISAMPING
ADANYA VIT C DAN E.

WHO :

Do not put years to life into years Long life

without continous usefulness, productivity and
good quality of life is not a blessing (Usia pjg
tdk ada artinya bila tdk berguna,bahagai dn
mandiri yg mempunyai kualitas hidup baik )
DAMPAK PROSES AGING
PERUBAHAN :
ANATOMIK/FISIOLOGIK
PATOLOGIS AKIBAT PENUAAN
PENGARUH PSIKO SOSIAL PD FUNGSI ORGAN

PERUBAHAN ANATOMIK/FISIOLOGIK
MUDAH TIMBUL PENYAKIT PD ORGAN KDG2
NILAI FUNGSIONLANYA MASAIH NORMAL
 Immune System
Findings

in thymic lymphatic mass

cessation thymic, change
quality of limfosit
in circulating lymphocytes
in cell mediated immunity
in suppressor cell function
of natural antibody to
challenge
in autoantibody
Immune System Changes Medical
Impact

incidence of autoimmune
disease
in ability to fight infection
responsiveness to
vaccinations
No increase in circulating
antibodies
 ovarian failure
testicular
failure
diabetes
thyroid
dysfunction
 cessation of menses
thinning of skin and
mucosa
changes in hair
distribution
accelerated bone loss
arteriosclerosis
 In women ( Age of 48-51)
At this stage women is no longer able
to conceive a child. The cessation of
the menstural cycle brought by the
changes in the hormone secretion.
Hormonal changes can affect the
womans total personality and result in
headache, irritability, and depression.
With the fear of pregnancy gone,
sexual interest may increase for some
women.
 In Men (age of 40-80-90)
No major drop in sex hormone levels.
Sperm production continues on into
the eighties and nineties.
some may face the symptoms like
tiredness, irritability, poor appetite
and impaired ability to concentrate. It
is caused by decreased levels of
testosterone production and can be
aided by testosterone injections to
reduce the condition called Male
Climacteric.
 50% over 60 years have
abnormal glucose
tolerance test
Type II
Rate increases with age
Mortality and morbidity
significant
Lethargy and confusion
frequent signs
 incidence thyroid nodules
myxedema skin and hair changes
hypo presentation dementia or
cardiac failure
hyper presentation apathy
rather than agitation
function generally maintained into
old age
Nervous
System
 in brain volume
weight in brain 10% (ages 30-70
yeats)
or loss of cells in certain areas
morphologic cellular changes
changes in hormonal
neurotransmitters
synaptic transmission with age
nerve conduction velocity
in speed of reaction time
 brain atrophy due to HTN or atrial fib
in vision and hearing
impairment of smell, taste, touch and
pain
loss of sensations may lead to delays in
seeking care
in cognitive abilities
in motor skills or frank paresis or
paralysis
Cardiovascular
System
 in cardiac output
major valvular changes
major conduction problems
difference in coronary artery disease
outcomes
hypertension risk greater in systolic
than diastolic
heart failure
 thickening of valve substance
calcification of valve tissue
mucoid degeneration of valves
results in calcific aortic stenosis and mitral
valve annulus
risk for SBE
 susceptible to alterations in normal rhythm
cardiac conductivity skeleton undergoes negative
changes
arrhythmia with stress, caffeine, epinephrine
injections
in anticoagulants to stroke risk
clinical symptoms = lightheadedness,
weakness, palpitations, syncope
treatment = implanted pacemakers
dont use meds with arrhythmia potential
 anginal pain may not be present
only 1/3 present with classic substernal pain
20% present with dyspnea
other common presentations are:
weakness
malaise
suddenly worsening heart failure
syncope
arrhythmia
confusion
MIs may be silent
 risk is more closely related to systolic elevation
than diastolic
even borderline hypertension risk
asymptomatic case finding and referral is important
HTN drugs cause problems:
orthostatic hypotension
infarcts in major organs
urinary frequency
dry mouth
anxiety, pain, certain meds can precipitate high
levels of BP
 cannot lie supine
decline in renal function
more susceptible to toxic
effects of drugs
eliminated by kidneys
 cannot lie supine
decline in renal function
more susceptible to toxic
effects of drugs
eliminated by kidneys
Respiratory System
 lung capacity
expiratory volume
cough mechanism less efficient
of locally protective IgA in nasal and
respiratory mucosa
in laryngeal protective reflex
risk of aspiration of oral secretions
in arterial/ventilatory imbalances
in arterial O2 content with normal breathing
 heart disease may be the cause of respiratory
symptoms i.e. SOB
muscle weakness may also cause breathing Problem
COPD causes include:
emphysema
chronic bronchitis
asthmatic bronchitis
combinations of the above
chronic cough requires evaluation
MUSCULOSKELETAL
SYSTEM
 There tends to be loss
of muscle strength and
endurance partly due
to a decline in activity
level.
Body size shrinks and
posture changes
markedly loss of
strength is inevitable.
 High limitation of activity due to musculoskeletal
problems:
osteoporosis
degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis)
 accelerated bone loss with symptoms
4 X > in women
white and Asians > risk
spinal compression fractures
high mortality with hip fracture
fracture hip repair common surgery in the elderly
wrist fracture also common
kyphosis of spine
resorption of the atlas and axis
 85% of those > 65 years have radiographic signs
50 million have significant Complaints
treatment:
aspirin or NSAIDs
heat
joint protection
proper exercise
may be TM joint involvement
GASTROINTESTINAL
SYSTEM
 atrophy of mucosa throughout
secretions
disordered motility
impaired absorption
in neoplasias
Medical Impact
achalasia
esophageal spasm
dysphagia
in vitamin absorption
absorption of minerals
detoxification
incidence gall stones
ischemic bowel disease atrophy of mucosa throughout
Genitourinary System
 in renal blood flow
in tubular mass
GFR
kidney mass
slowing of pH metabolic adjustment
changes in function frequently produced as a
result of dysfunction in other body systems i.e. CHF
Medical Impact
asymptomatic pyelonephritis
resistant urinary tract infections (UTIs) associated
with:
prostatic hypertrophy (male)
prostatic cancer (male)
cystocele (female)
use of a catheter
generalized sepsis
 Bone marrow cell contain a few hematopoitic fre
anaemia increase

Body Height decrease hunchback posture

because kyphosis lowback pain
Total body water decrease dehydration cause easly
Body weigh decrease Ratio BW / fat increase
 Degeneration of collagen and elastic fibers
Atrophi : epidermis, sweat glands, and hair follicle
Arteriole sclerotic
Subcutane fat decrease Decubitus, hypothermi
Thank You
For your attention!