TEACHING CONTRACT

Both parties must be in the class room not exceeding 15 than scheduled time
Students must attend class activities at least 75% of the total meetings (12 x), for
any absence of the class, student must show a legal document from doctor or
parents
Scoring will be done as follows:
a. Practical work : 15%
b. Structural work : 15%
c. Quiz : 10%
d. Mid Test : 30%
e. Final Test : 30%
Subject Object Possessive
pronouns
I, Me My
You, You Your
He, Him His
She, Her Her
It, It It
We, Us Our
They Them Their
 TEACHING PLANS

LECTURE 1: TEACHING CONTRACT LECTURE 9: CONTINUATION

LECTURE 2: TENSES LECTURE 10: SUBJUNCTIVES
LECTURE 3: CONTINUATION LECTURE 11: ARTICLES
LECTURE 4: ACTIVE-PASSIVE LECTURE 12: QUESTION SENTENCES
LECTURE 5: DIRECT-INDIRECT LECTURE 13: NOUNS
LECTURE 6: GERUNDS LECTURE 14: CONJUCTION
LECTURE 7: CONTINUATION LECTURE 15: WRITING
LECTURE 8: CONDITIONALS LECTURE 16: REVIEW
 Kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris:
Subyek + Verb (kata kerja) + Obyek
I, You, He, She, It, We, They (Kel. Subyek)
Watch, listen, sing, eat (kel. verb)
Him, her, me, us, them, radio, book, car (obyek)
Contoh:
I listen to the radio
She sings a song
Ling-ling studies English hard
Father drives the car to Solo
Mother cooks vegetables
Ling-ling snores loudly
 TENSES (+ sentences)
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
Simple 1. S + V2 + O 1. S + V1 + O 1. S + to be +
going to + V1
2. S + Ved + O 2. S + Vs + O
3. S + to be + O 3. S + Ves+ O +O
4. S + to be + O 2. S + will + v1 +
o

Continues S + to be + S + to be + S + will + to be +
Ving + O
Ving + O Ving + O
Perfect S + had + S + have/has + S + will + have+
V3/Ved + O V3/Ved + O V3/Ved + O

Perfect con. S + had + been + S + have/has + S + will + have+

Ving + O been +Ving + O been +Ving + O
 S + to be + Ving + O when + S + V2/ved + O
while + S + tobe + ving +
2006 dinda stayed in jl Madrani 2008 (April);
May now (Dinda stays in Jl Kr. Wangkal); she
will stay at the same place till graduate
Dinda had stayed in Jl Madrani for 2 years
(from 2006 to April 2008)
Dinda has stayed in Jl Kr Wangkal for almost 1
year (May-April 2009)
By September 2010, Dinda will have stayed
in jl Kr wangkal for 2.5 years
 I have owned this back pack for 1 year
By February this year I had the brown jacket for
2 years, now I am wearing this grey jacket
By next year, I will have stayed in Pwt for 4.5
years
 We married in year 1993
We have married for 16 years
We had married for 16 years (we divorced
before now)
We have been marrying for 16 years
We will have been marrying for 18 years
by 2011
 A) We had waited p Nur for 20 minutes
P) P Nur had been waited by us for 20
minutes

Jadual bis jam 16.00

Amir datang jam 15.40
1. Berapa lama Amir harus menunggu (S
Future)
2. Jika sampai jam 16.10 bis belum datang,
berapa lama amir telah menunggu? (Pre Perf)
3. Pada jam 16.30, diinformasikan jika bis akan
datang jam 17.00, berapa lama Amir akan
 The heart pulses more than 100 times per
minute
The students take an English course on Fri at
9.15 am
Nurtjahjo is 165 cm tall
They are my students
There are 7 students in this room
P Nurs computer is new
I wear moslems cloth
I slept at 10 pm last night
My boy friend gave me a doll for my birthday
last month
 . Was (jika Subyek adalah: I, he, she, it)
I was in my boyfriends house last night
He was my boyfriend
They were my students
I am going to give you the money tomorrow
I will not give you the money
I will leave this class room
I am going to leave this class room at 10 15
I was writing English when my friend came
S + to be +Ving + When + S +V2/Ved +O
+ while + S + to be + Ving + O
 We were sitting in the class room while p Pri
was repairing the LCD
I will be watching film with my girl friend if you
come to my room at 7.45 tomorrow
I bought my car in 1980 (Kijang Super)
I had owned the K Super for 15 years (dijual
95)
I have owned Toyota Keri for 14 years (beli th
95)
By year 2010, I will have the Toyota Keri for15
years, I will by a new one
1. Mammals (eat) grasses at least 5 kilograms a day
2. Roses (are) beautiful flowers, many people like them
3. There (was) a big flood in many areas in Indonesia last year
4. Some branches of the tree (were) due to strong wind yesterday
5. The tree (was) there, but now it is no longer stand there
6. We (are) (getting) lots of tropical fruit as you can see on the back ground
7. The Tsunami waves () () thousands of people when I heard for the first time
in 2006
8. We (will) (have) (studying) English again if you come here next week
9. The plant (had) (been) there for more than 5 years
10. I (had) (stayed) in Jakarta for more than 18 years but now I am in Pwt
11.I (have) (been) (staying) in Purwokerto for 27 years by the end of this year
12.The POM (are) (going to) (give) a new building behind this room next year
13.The students (will) (getting) a rally against the increase of tuition fee
tomorrow
14. The new students () () (.) in Purwokerto for almost 1 month
 TENSES (- sentences)
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
Simple 1.S +did+not+V1 + O 1.S + do not+V1 + 1.S + to be + not+
2.S + to be + not + O O going to + V1 + O
2.S + does not +V1 2.S + will +not + v1
+O +o
3.S + to be + not +
O

Continues S + to be + not+ Ving + S + to be + not + S + will + not + to

O Ving + O be + Ving + O

Perfect S + had + not+ S + have/has + S + will + have+

V3/Ved + O not+ V3/Ved + O not+ V3/Ved + O

Perfect S + had + not + been S + have/has + S + will + have+

con. +Ving + O not+ been +Ving not+ been +Ving
+O +O
 TENSES (? sentences)
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
Simple 1. Did + S +V1 + O 1. Do + S +V1 + O 1. To be + S +
2. To be + S + O 2. Does +S + V1 + going to + V1 + O
O 2. Will + S + v1 + o
3. To be + S + O

Continues To be + S + Ving + O To be + S + Ving + Will + S+ to be +

O Ving + O

Perfect Had + S+ V3/Ved + O Have/has + S + Will + S + have+

V3/Ved + O V3/Ved + O

Perfect Had + S + been +Ving Have/has + S+ Will + S + have+

con. +O been +Ving + O been +Ving + O
 She picks me up every day
She does not pick me up every day
Does she pick you up every day?

She treated me an ice cream yesterday

She did not treat me an ice cream yesterday
Did she treat you an ice cream yesterday?

She has finished cooking when I arrived home

Has she finished her cooking when U arrived?
She has been swimming in the Dynasty S Pool
since 2 hours ago
Active and passive voices
Formulas
1. Swap the position of S (a) to become O (p) and vice
versa
2. Always use to be before the verb
3. Always use Verb 3/Verb ed
4. Use by before the O to mention that someone has
caused the activity
He plays football
S + to be + V3/Ved + O Foot ball is played by him
 A) I study English every Fri afternoon
P) English is studied by me every Fri afternoon
A) I am watching TV (Pr Cont) S+ to be +Ving
P) TV is being watched by me S + to be + to be + Ving +V3/Ved+O
a) I have eaten my lunch (Pr Perf) S+Have+V3/Ved+O
P) S +have+ to be (been) + V3/Ved+ O
P) My lunch has been eaten by me
A) I will visit her in Lombok next holiday
P) She will be visited by me next holiday
A) No body can touch this camera
P) this camera cant be touched by somebody
A) I have known that person since 3 years ago S + Have/has+V3/Ved+O
P) That person has been known by me since 3 years ago S + Have/has+ been +
v3/ed O
A) My father has bought that car since I was a kid
P) That car has been bought by my father since I was a kid
 2.The plant is supported by the stem
3. Water and mineral are absorbed by the tiny root
hairs
4. Sunlight is needed in the photosynthesis process
5. pollen is transferred by wind and insects
6. This laboratory is not used very often
7. Whales are classified as vertebrae
8. Food for carrots is not stored in their root
9. A fruit is defined by the botanist as a ripened ovary
10. The plant is anchored in the soil by the root
system
11. The seeds are protected while they are developing
the fruit
 2. The stem is the part of a plant that/which support the shoot
system
3. The fruit is the part of plant that/which protect the ripened
ovary
4. The leaves are the part of plants that/which manufacture
sugars and other carbohydrates by photosynthesis
5. The laboratory is the place where experiments are carried
out
6. Stamens are the part of a flower that/which produce the male
sex cells or spermatia
7. The carpel is the part of a flower that/which produce the
female sex cells or ovules
8. The sepals are part of a flower that/which protect the flower
while it is in the bud stage
9. Botanist is a person who study plants
10. Embryo is part of a seed that will develop into an adult plant
11. Food store is part of a seed that/which produce the
nourishment for the growing embryo
 For examples cows are one of mammals
3. All food chains begin with plants
4. Human beings do not produce chlorophyll
5. Where do the plants get energy?
6. Carnivores are fed on other animals
7. Botany is the science about the structure of
plants
8. What is the function of photosynthesis?
9. Botanist is a person who studies plants
10. Why sunlight is needed in the
photosynthesis process?
11. A butterfly is not a vertebrae.
Do go Write get Sleep

break drink buy Blow Eat

bring come cut Fly Bet

begin will build Choose Swim

fall draw fit teach run

 PAST PRESENT FUTURE

Simple S + to be + V3/Ved + O S + to be + V3/Ved + O S + will+ be + V3/Ved

+O
S + to be + going to + be
V3/ed + O
Conts. S + to be + being + S + to be + being + S + will + be + being +
v3/ved+ O V3/ved+ O V3/Ved+O

Perfect S + had + been+ S + have/has + S + will + have+

V3/Ved + O been+ V3/Ved + O been+ V3/Ved + O

Perfect S + had + been + S + have/has + been S + will + have+ been

con. being + V3/Ved + O +being + V3/Ved+ O +being + V3/Ved+ O

1. A) The students are practicing how to speak English well in the class room now
2. A) The plant has grown for more than 100 years
3. A) She brought my English book yesterday
 QUIZ
Please fill in all spaces in the following paragraphs using correct verb

Anto (..) a new student of this Faculty. This semester he (.) 19 credits
semester, but next semester he (.) () (.) up to 24 credits because
his mum () him to do so. On her call last week, Antos mum (..) that she
can not effort to pay his (.) up to 10 semesters.

Anto () up in Jakarta, but now he (..) in Purwokerto to (.) his study. If

He (.) hard he (.) () his study in 8/9 semester, so by the time he
(.) his study Anto (..) (.) (..) in Purwokerto for almost 5 years.
DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct
Simple Present, e day, this
S+ V1/Vs/Ves + O
Simple Past, yesterday, these
S+v2/Ved+ O
Simple Future, tomorrow
S+will+V1+O
Present Continuous, now
S+ to be + Ving + O
Present Perfect, since; for
S + Have/has+V3/Ved+O
Present Perfect Continuous
S + Have/has+ been+ Ving+ O
Jika menggunakan kali perintah +/-
Go! Dont go
Indirect
Simple Past, that day, that
S+v2/Ved+ O
Past Perfect, the day before, those
S + Had+V3/Ved+O
Past future, the day after
S+would+v1+O
Past continuous, at that time
S + to be + Ving + O
Past Perfect, ago; before
S + Had+V3/Ved+O
Past Perfect Continuous
S + Had+ been+ Ving+ O
He ordered me to go!
He ordered me not to go!
 Pengecualian: jika kondisi yang dimaksudkan
dalam Indirect tidak mengalami perubahan
sejak diucapkan dalam Direct; maka kalimat tsb
tidak mengalami perubahan tense.
D: Jakarta is larger than Pwt
I: Nurtjahjo said that Jakarta is larger than Pwt
D: I am hungry
I: Nurtjahjo said that He was hungry
D: I will visit you next time
I: He said that He would visit me the following
time
 Jika Direct berupa kalimat perintah --- I:
ordered
D: You must study hard
I: My father ordered me to study hard..
D: Do not spend your time for nothing
I: My parents ordered me not to spend my time
for nothing.
Jika D: berupa kal ? ---- I: asked
D: Where are the toilettes?
I: The visitor asked me where the toilets
are..?
D: What are they doing?
I: The teacher asked me what they are doing
 D: This is my new car
I: John said that was his new car
D: These are my pencils
I: Susan said that those were her pencils

Review:
+) The students have submitted their report
-) The students have not submitted their R
?) Have the students submitted their R?
+) She is making breads
-) She is not making cakes but breads
?) Is she making breads?
+) They talk English to me
-) They do not talk English with me
?) Do they talk English with you?
 A) Nobody cleans this room
P) This room is cleaned by nobody
A) They have discussed that matter for 2 hours
P) That matter has been discussed by them for
2 hours

D: The car has been washed by me

I: He said that the car had been washed by
him
D: Sue was making a cake when I came y.day
I: Sue said that she had been making a cake
when I came the day before
 D: Where is your Boss?
I: he asked me where my boss is?
D: You must practice playing guitar seriously
I: he ordered me to practice playing guitar
seriously

D: I eat rice three times a day

I: he said that he eats rice three times a day
D: I always go to school by car every day
I: John said
I: John said
D: Tom went to Alaska yesterday
I: Ann said that Tom
D: Chelsea will continue her study in Oxford next year
I: Mrs. Sue said that Chelsea
D: We are playing cards in our bed room now
I: They said that
D: We have stayed in this town for 13 years
I: Johns family said that
 GERUNDS / VERBing
I am studying English now
He is taking my English book
They are following us
I was brushing my teeth yesterday
They were exploring the area last year
John will be finishing his study next y.
Sue has been sewing her dress for 2 d
Ann had been reading the b for 3 days
Mark will have been talking for 3 hours
by 5 pm
Gerunds can be used in 5 different types:
1. Continuous tenses
2. As a subject of sentences
3. After preposition
4. Verb + Verb ing
5. Compound nouns
Dancing is more interesting than singing
Speaking English helps you mastering on it
Greg is good at swimming
Phil always wash his hands before n after
meals
 1.Continuous Tenses
Active
Presnt: S + to be + verb ing Past: S + to be + Verb ing Futre: S + will + be + Verb ing
I am going to school now I was typing my report l night I will be playing PS tomorrow
Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect
S + have/has + been + Verb ing S + had + been + Verb ing S + will + have + been + verb ing
We have been swimming for 3 Hours I had been typing for 3 Hs l night
He has been working since l month He had been smoking for 3 years
I will have been typing for 2 Hs by 7 pm t evening

Passive
S+ to be + being + V3/Ved S + to be + being + v3/ved
The car is being cleaned by my worker The cake was being baked by mother
S + will + be + being + V3/Ved
The report will be being typed by me tomorrow
S + Have/has + been +being+ V3/Ved S + had + been + being + V3/Ved
The house has been being renovated for .. The car had been being repainted for..
S + will + have + been + being + V3/Ved
It will have been being used for

2. Subject of a sentence
Reading is important to know every thing happens in the world
Dancing is one of my hobbies. Swimming is good exercise for asthmatic person.
 3. After Prepositions (in, on, at, for, by, before, after, etc).
Thank you for sending this information
You must keep on going
He is really good at playing badminton
You must read the instruction before operating this machine
You must wash your hands before and after taking meals.

4. Verb + Verb (ing)

John enjoys watching TV e night
Bill considers moving from this apartment

Fail to
Manage to
Try to
Create to

The doctor has a large waiting room

Andrew buys a new fishing rod
Grand ma always use reading glasses to read
 CONDITIONALS
Type 1: possible to happen If + Present Tenses + S + will (modals 1)+ V1 + O
If she gets a good job, her Fianc will marry her
If Fred does his exercise every day, he may lose his weight significantly

Type 2a: impossible to happen If +Past tenses + S+ would (modals 2)+ V1 + O

2b: un expected to happen -------------------------------------------
If this room broke down I would escape myself
If I were John Mc Roe I might not live in America
Type 3: regret to what had happened in the past
If + Past Perfect + S + would + have + V3/Ved + O
If I had known that my students do not understand what I teach, I would have
given a review to them
 Subjunctives
As if, If only, Would rather digunakan untuk menyatakan seolah olah
Selalu berlawanan dengan fakta
Subjunctive Factual
Simple Past Simple Present
Past continues Present Continues
Past Perfect Present Perfect, and so on

If only she attended the lecture I would not teach her (Subjunctive)
All students attend the lecture so I continue teaching (factual)
She pretended that as if she had submitted her report (Subjunctive)
She pretended that she did not submit her report (factual)
The Dean would rather talked to the students next time (subjunctive)
The dean wants to talk to the students next time (factual)
 When temperature and moisture are low, they will
cause in a reduction of plant height

Enlargement of leaf area is sometimes caused by

reduction in light intensity

Healthy plant growth is a result of optimum

environment requirement

Larger leaves area are sometimes the result of

reduced of light intensity

There is reduction in light intensity, the plants might

grow un well
 Because + S + Verb + O
Selia can not walk properly because she got traffic
accident last week

Because of + Noun phrase (kelompok kata yang

mempunyai kata benda)
Selia can not walk properly because of her traffic
accident

Sometimes (kadang-kadang)
Dituliskan ditengah kalimat
He sometimes visit me
Sometime (kapan-kapan)
Dituliskan di akhir kalimat
He will visit me sometime
 ARTICLES (a, an, the)
The utilization of a, an
-. In the front of singular nouns
(a) for those started with a consonant
(an) for those started with a vowel
-. Prior to a profession
-. To represent the whole group
-. Prior to all genders
-. Ratio, speed, etc
-. Half, needs an article only if it is
followed by the whole number
-. In the front of a family name
Examples:a
A book, a car, a university
An egg, an apple, an SMS
A doctor, an artist, a professor
A driver must have a driving license
An ape is a polygamous
A woman, a man, a table
Twice a day, 300 km an hour
Half a kilo; 2 and half kilo
2 and a half kilo
A Mr. Simpson (Richard, Henry)
The
-. Prior to plural nouns: a cat, the cats; a book, the books
-. All genders, profession: the man/the men, the woman/women, the doctor, the
professor
-. Hospital, church, mosque: he prays in mosque and has a meeting in the mosque
Mr Rudi is a doctor, he works in a Hospital. I visited my friend in the hospital.
-. Unique: the white house is a place where the American President lives
-. Repeated for second times: I saw a white car, the car was very big one
-. Before superlative: the most beautiful, the smartest
-. Before cardinal numbers: the first, the second
-. Before family name: The Simpsons (Mr., Mrs., Children, Grand Children)
-. Group of islands or mountains: The Molucas, the Philippines, the alps, the bukit
barisan
-. Name of ocean, river, canal: the Atlantic Ocean, the Serayu River, the Suez Cannal
Not being used:
-. Name of continent: Asia, Africa
-. Name of country unless the ones with (Republic, Union, kingdom, states): Japan,
Singapore, the Republic of Indonesia, the Soviet Union, the united Kingdom, the united
 research about plant diversity in Baturraden
was done by a group of Biology students of
Unsoed last week (since two weeks ago). .
Reseach was done for about 3 weeks, started
from . Week of month
.. aerospace shuttle was launched 2 weeks
ago in .cape canaveral, USA. .
Aerospace shuttle was built by consortium of
.American Banks
This morning, I (buy) (art) newspaper and (art)
magazine. (Art) magazine (be) about computer.
(Art) first story (tell) us about (art) development
of computer. (Art) story (to be) written by (Art)
Mr. Stuart
My new car (be) (art) Honda, and (art) old one
(art) Toyota. (Sing/plu) cars (be) very good
(one/ones). I like (its/them) very much.

Data (be) taken from (art) research which (be)

done two months ago.
 QUESTION SENTENCES
Question sentences can be made in the following patterns:
1. Formula as in (+) sentence
2. 8 W + 1 H
3. Question Tag
4. Yes/No question

4. Yes/No questions: is a type of question that must be answered by Yes/No before

giving the reason for the answer, the formulas are:
To be + S + O; is she your girlfriend? Was she in your bed room last night?
Do/does/Did + S + V1 + O; do they speak English? Does he go by car? Did you
tell?
Have/has/had + S + V3/Ved + O; have you taken my bag?
 Who: bertanya orang sebagai subyek
Who will help You do this job?
Where: asks about place
Where has she gone?
When: asks about time
When did You take my bag?
Why: asks about reason
Why do You choose that topic?
Which: bertanya tentang pilihan
Which is your book?
Whom: bertanya orang sebagai obyek
Whom did You go with last night?
What: bertanya tentang benda/orang sbg obyek
What is in your mind?
What is your hobby?
Whose: bertanya tentang kepemilikan
Whose book is that?
How: bertanya tentang kualitas, kuantitas, cara
How good is your English?
How many children do You have?
How to spell your name?
 8 W + 1 H ----- + Rumus
8 w + 1 h +(do/does/to be/will/
did/has/have/had + S + Verb + O)

Has she been swimming?

Where has she been swimming? She has been swimming in the river
Am I a student?
Who is the student?
Does Mrs. Iswati live in Gembong?
Where does Mrs. Iswati live?
She lives in Desa Gembong
 What does she take?
What did U put in this soup?
Why are U doing that?
When will she present for her presentation?
How did you go to Jakarta?

I have two oxen and a buffalo

She does not agree to buy geese for any
reason.
 3. Question Tag; a pattern of
2. 8W 1H + rumus question sentence that has 2 different
parts: statement and question/tag
Formulas:
What : nouns, person as an object Statement Question/tag
What is in your bag? What is your name?
(+)/(-) (-)/(+)
Where: place
Where did you put your handy? am arent I?
When: time Command word (+) Wont you?
When will you marry me? Command word (-) Will you?
Why: reasons offers Shall we?
Why should we terminate my pregnancy?
Who: person as a subject
Who is the father of him? He works at the Bank, doesnt he?
Which: options He is not my student, is he?
Which girl you love more? I am a handsome man, arent I?
Whose: possession Close the door please, wont you?
Whose car is that?
Dont talk too much, will you?
Whom: person as an object
The man whom I spoke l. night We shall take a taxi, shall we?
 Have/has + to + v1 ---------- do/does not have to
The gardener has to plant the trees in the garden, ?`
Have/has + noun ---------- do/does not have + noun
We have cars, ..?
Have/has + v3/ved ---------- havent/hasnt John
has never taken the Toefl test, ..?
Hardly ever (konotasi negatif)
Wiwied hardly ever join this class, has she?
She sometimes sends me flowers, doesnt she?
Do you know, what in his bag is?
I really suspect, what in his bag is?
 NOUNS
Countable Uncountable

Singular Plural Singular, has never have an article

A book an egg Dogs watches Unless it is placed in such a container
A European country an sms Mangoes, photos Oil, a liter oil, 2 liters oil
Butterflies, boys Soap, a bar of soap, 2 bars of soap

Exceptions:
Manmen woman women tooth teeth Child children person people
foot feet Goose geese leaf leaves bus buses ox oxen
Team team family family staff staff police police
Scissors trousers shoes socks gloves tongs slippers
Both : keduanya dr 2 pilihan, (+/-/?), both . and.; both of them (plural); Both.
Both John and Pat are my students, both of them take biology,
Both of Sue and Ann are not my students, Are both Gaby and Jacqline your students?
Which one do you like, John or Andrew? Both
 Pair of (se pasang)
I have just bought a pair of brown shoes,
because the old ones are old fashion
A piece, a slice, a hand full, a bucket, a pitch,
Little: sedikit untuk uncountable
Few: sedikit untuk countable
A little > little
A few > few
Lots of/a lot of
 In Autumn leaves are falling down
In autumn calf is being fed in (their/its cage)
MU is my favorite FB team
There are 4 team play in the semifinal round
Both andraiana and flandianto pass/passes their/his exam
Both andriana and flandianto are not my students/student
One, another, and the other
Some, others, the others
I have three cars, first one is Toyota, another is Honda and the
other is suzuki.
That rich man has many companies, some are insurance
companies, others are automotive companies and the others
are construction companies
My shoes are brown, but I want to buy another pair of brown
shoes from different company
My shoes are brown, and next time I want to buy 2 pairs of
Either: salah satu dari 2/> pilihan yang ada, (+/?); either or ..; either of them
(plural); either of he/she (singular)
Either John or Andrew lives in Alabama, Does either Ruth or Sue takes your subject?
Either of them are my cousin. Either of Mick or Pete is my former neighbor
Neither: tidak 1 pun dari 2/lebih yang ada, (-/?); neither .. nor .; neither of the
(plural); neither he nor she (singular)
Neither John nor Susan does not take my subject; Does Brigitte nor Anna take your bag?
Neither of them have car. Neither Charles nor Edward loves me
Much: (-/?), uncountable, singular. I do not know much about her. How much is this bag?
Many: (+/?), Count, plural. How many books do you have? I have many good friends in
Germany.
Some: (+/?), Count/uncountable. Plural/singular. I have some money to treat you all. Do
you have some information about her? She has some books about biology. Does she
have some sugar?
Any: (-/?), count/uncountable, singular. I do not have any brother. Does she have any
information about it?
Either Wiwit, or Dinda, or Endang is not my student/s
Little: sedikit, uncountable, singular. She has little time for us
Few: sedikit, countable, plural. She has few books about Harry Potters
All: seluruhnya (plural + Countable nouns/singular+ uncountable Nouns)
All books are sold over 1 million. All art is interesting
Every: setiap/singular. Every book costs you Rp 200,000,- Every information is
important

This morning I bought.. a. Magazine and a newspaper. the.. Magazine

is about computer and the. newspaper is the natural disaster in Aceh.
both of these.. Printed materials are.. still in my bag

Almost all of (plural): almost all of the students agree to go to Bali

Most of (plural) most of the students agree to go to Bali

One of (them/plural things): One of my students passes the Cambridge test

Every (Singular): Every student agrees to pay Rp 100,-
Each of (them/plural): Each of them goes to different places
Prepositions
Place Time

In A such thing is inside another Such long period of time

thing (that has a cover) Year, month, season, century
In the pocket, in the bag, etc In November we will have a test
I put my belongings in my bag I was born in 1994

On A such thing is on, stick, hang, on Such medium period of time

another thing Day, date, week
On the book, on the wall, etc On Sunday they go to church
The clock hangs on the wall The meeting is on 15th October

At A such thing is located at another Such a short period of time

thing (doesnt have cover) Hour
We will meet at the station this At 5 p.m. there will be a moon
afternoon junction
 Please correct the following sentences
1. The children plays football well last night
The children played fb last night
The children is playing fb now
The children have played fb for 2 hours
2. The gardener had planted the roses yesterday
The gardener planted the roses yesterday
The gardener is planting the roses now
3. Sue was made the cake now
Sue was making the cake yesterday
Sue is making the cake now
Sue made the cake yesterday
Exceptions:
Place
In the back vs at the front (0f the car)
In the corner (of the room) vs at the corner (of an open space)
Put on vs put off (of a thing)
Get in vs get on (of a vehicle depends on the number of seats)
Get into vs get out (of a car)
Get in vs get out (of a car)
In the class vs at the class
time
in the evening vs at night
in the end vs at the end
on Christmas vs at Christmas
1. A.
P: The computer has been being used for more than 2 hours
2. A: I have spoken to the Dean about that
P:
3. He in Unsoed for more than 20 years, but now he is retiring from his job
a. is working b. will work c. has been working d. had been working
4. By April 2009, I .. In Unsoed for 22 years
a. will work b. is working c. will have worked d. will have been working
5. The burglar some priceless .. From the office
a. steal, things b. steal, thing, c. stole, thing d. stole, things
6. The receptionist announce that all passengers must be .. Board 1 hour prior to
departure
7. D: I visited Tomy in Hospital yesteray
I:
8. D:
I: The Dean said we had been applied the new curriculum since last year
 COMPARATIVE

STARTS ONE SYLLABLE? TWO SYLLABLES?

NO
NO
YES YES
YES NO
ENDED BY AN E? ENDED BY
y?
NO YES
YES
HAS TWO VOWELS?
CHANGE THE
NO
Y INTO I

YES ADD
LAST TWO WORDS MORE B4
ARE CONSONANTS? THE ADJ
ADD AN R NO
AT THE
END
REPEAT THE
ADD ER AT THE END
LAST letter
 IRREGULAR
1. Old ------ older (bisa dipakai untuk semua hal) P NUr is older than Cie
Fanny, this house is older than my father
elder (bisa dipakai jika ada hubungan keluarga) P nur is
elder than cie Fanny (salah) Cie fanny is elder than Purbo;

2. Far ------- farther (bicara tentang jarak); from Pbg

Purwokerto is farther than Sokaraja
further (bicara hal abstrak); further information
can be taken from the secretary

3. Much ------ more; Purbo has Rp 1,000,- Bella has Rp 500,-;

Purbo has more money than Bella
many Purbo has 3 dogs, Bella has 1 dog; Purbo
has more dogs than Bella

4. good------- better My English score is 90, but my

mathematics score is 85 so My English score is better than
my Mathematics
5. bad ------ worse My Mathematics score is worse than my
English
 NOUN COMPARATIVE THAN NOUN
I AM TALLER THAN HIM
SHE IS MUCH CLEVERER THAN ME

NOUN AS ADJECTIVE AS NOUN

NURTJAHJO IS AS HANDSOME AS ARI WIBOWO

NOUN AS NOT ADJECTIVE AS NOUN

NURTJAHJO IS AS NOT HANDSOME AS PRIMUS

.. THE SAME AS noun

HIS NOSE IS THE SAME AS THE MACCACAS NOSE
THESE CARS ARE THE SAME AS THOSE CARS

THE SAME
THIS CAR AND THAT CAR ARE THE SAME

DIFFERENT FROM
MY IDEA WAS DIFFERENT FROM HIS (IDEA)
AND .. Are DIFFERENT
MY CAR AND HIS CAR ARE DIFFERENT
 LIST OF VERBS LIST OF VERBS
+ TO +VERB1 + VERB ing
Agree hesitate tend admit postpone
Appear hope threaten appreciate practice
Arrange intend wait avoid quit
Ask learn want complete recall
Claim manage consider recommend
Consent mean delay regret
Decide need deny risk
Demand offer discuss stop
Deserve plan enjoy suggest
Expect prepare finish tolerate
Fail pretend keep understand
Forget promise mention
Refuse seem miss
Phrasal verbs + verb ing
Approve of
Be better off
Cant help
Count on
Do not mind
Forget about
Get through
Insist on
Keep on
Look forward to
Object to
Think about
Think of
 QUIZ
1. A: Tono has already waited for you for about 15 minutes
P:

2. A: Jean is sewing her dress for the party

P:

3. A: My father sets the audio system in my bed room

P:

4. D: I have been waiting for the bus for about 10minutes

I:

5. D: the gardener will plant some plants in the garden tomorrow

I:
Cause and effect
Connector: as a result of, due to, because,
causes by, as a consequence of,
As a consequence of not taking her glasses
Nadia can not take a note
She does not take a note because she did not
bring her glasses

As a secretary her main jobs are: taking minutes

for the director, and to manage the meeting
 The children suffer from malnutrition,
because they do not get enough nutrition.
Prediction: the parents do not understand
the importance of nutrition for the growing
children
Suggestion: give our children enough
nutrition to grow well lead to tougher
competition in the future
 Relative Clauses
orang benda t4 waktu

Subject Who/that Which/that where When

object Whom/of that Of which/of that Where When

i will go to pangandaran tomorrow

Pangandaran famous with its sunset
Pangandaran where I will go to tomorrow is very famous
with its sunset
. Whom + S + verb
. Of which/of that + S + verb

John whom Susan loves with is my best friend

The car of which I bought last month has been stolen by the
crime
A microscope is an instrument*
A microscope enables people to see small thing
A microscope is an instrument that enables people to see small
thing
I bought a microscope in Gramedia book store last week*
A microscope of that I bought in G b store l w, is an instrument
6. This morning (on) the way to my office, I (bought) (a)
newspaper and (a) magazine. (The) magazine (is) (in)
my car, but (the) newspaper (is) (in) my bag

7. Tono has to bring his photo to the secretary, doesnt

he?

8. I need (some) sugar to make 3 cups of coffee, but I

(do not) have (any). Can you help me to buy it?
 1. The dog is tame. I have just bought a dog in a pet
shop.
The dog of which I have just bought in a pet shop is
tame
2. John takes Genetics as his major. John is a good
student
John who takes genetics as his major is a good
student
3. A: Tim was painting his bedroom yesterday
P:his bedroom was being painted yesterday
4. D: Dave has swim in the pool for about 15 minutes
I:dave said that he had swum in the pool for about
15 minutes
5. A: P Karman cleans these rooms twice in a week
P:these rooms are cleaned by p karman twice in a
week
 POSITIONS

The teacher
Andi Budi Catur

Dewi Eka Fatur

Gatot Hendro Ike

Andi is on the left hand side of Budi

Andi is in the front of Dewi
Andi besides Budi
Budi is on the right hand side of Andi
Budi is between Andi and Catur
Dewi is behind Andi
The teacher is in the front of the students (tampak muka/punggung)
The teacher is in the opposite of the students (tampak muka)
 Bolehkah saya .? May I ..?
May I turn the Television on, please?
Certainly.
May I borrow your doll, please? OK
May I open the dictionary, please? Of Course
May I eat the donuts, please? Sure
May I use your bicycle, please? Certainly
Maukah kamu . Would you like to .?
Would you like to go with me?
Haruskah saya .? Should I ?
Should I go now?
Bisakah kamu .? Could you ?
Could you drop this letter to the post office?
 MODALS
1. present: may, can, shall, will, must
2. past: might, could, should, would, must
Bentuk present > digunakan untuk offering
May I help You? Shall we go by taxi?
Bentuk Past > digunakan untuk requesting
Could You help me, please?
Would: inviting, would you like to go with me?
What would you like to have, coffee or tea?
Beda Can dengan Could:
1. bentuk present dan past berikut penggunaan
2. Could > digunakan untuk menyatakan kemampuan khusus
He could speak five foreign languages
He can speak English
He could spell his name in English, when he was 3 yo
He can drive a car/ can play guitar well
 3. Could digunakan di depan kata: smell, hear, taste,
feel, see.
When I arrived home, I could smell burnt from the
kitchen
I could see in the dark
Beda Can, could dgn be able to:
Can dan could hanya mempunyai 2 bentuk (pre n
past), be able to bisa dibentuk untuk seluruh tenses.
I could sing a song well last night
I was able to sing a song well last night
Steven was being able to sing a song when Sisca
accepted him as her boy friend .
Bentuk negatif: Must not = tidak boleh
Can not= tidak bisa
You must not go this evening
You should not go this evening
 Apostrophe S (s)
Digunakan untuk menyatakan milik seseorang/sesuatu
benda/hewan
Stevens car (mobilnya si Steven)
The Horses tail (ekornya si kuda)
Its features (tampilan-tampilannya dari benda tsb)

Digunakan di depan suatu organisasi/pemerintahan

The Governments decisions (keputusan2 Pem)
Citys square (alun-alun PemKot)

Jika bendanya berjml >1, maka (S) hanya ditulis ()

My sisterss room; Charless room

Di depan kata waktu

Tomorrows meeting will be held in Room IV
Yesterdays activity was cancelled by the SHM
 Its bisa berarti It is (+ noun/+pronoun/+Verbing
Its (It is) a luxurious car
Its (It is) my car
Its (It is) amazing

It has (+noun/+V3 Ved)

Its (It has) 3 legs
Its (It has) finished since last night

Id (I would) like to introduce myself

I dont (do not)
Ive (I have)
Ill (I will)
Itll (it will)
 QUIZ
What will you do if .?
1. Failed from your final exam
If
2. Find some money on the street
If
3. On the way to Campus the rain comes, while you do not bring umbrella
If

+) Anto had come to my house for 3 days last week

-)
?)
I)

A: John had to bring his English book to his teacher yesterday

P:
-)
?)
ADVERBS
kata bantu kerja
Placed after Verb
Formed from Adjectives + ly
extreme --- extremely
kind --- kindly
happy --- happily
Exceptions Adj & Adv Adj & Adv
fast fast good -- well
hard hard bad -- bad
late late
Form:
Adv of Manner : bravely, beautifully
Adv of place: here, there
Adv of Time: soon, tomorrow, yet
Adv of Frequency: regularly, occasionally
 Hardly: adv of frequency = seldom
The lazy student studies hardly
The smart student studies hard (adv)
He is a hard (adj) worker
Lately: Adv of time = recently
Have you seen my girlfriend lately?
He always comes late (adv)
He is a late (adj) person

She studies well

They play bad
He comes tomorrow (adv of time)
He comes here (adv of place) regularly (adv of freq.)
They accept us warmly (in a friendly way)
 A sentence must have : S + Verb + Object

Used to: a past activity which is no longer being used

I used to smoke (dulu perokok, sekarang tidak)
Be used to: a series of activities which are being familiar. I am
getting used to smoke (dulu tidak merokok, sekarang merokok)

I used to live in a City/Town

Too: exceed (negative), too much/too many

Very: exceed (positive)

Go to school, Singapore etc. Go bed/o to sleep

went home
I pick her from her accommodation once in a week
 Pronouns
Subject Object Possessive Reflexive
I me My Mine
You you your yours
He him his his
She her her hers
It it it its
We us our ours
They them their theirs

In Bulan/tahun, on tanggal/hari, at jam

On 14 of September 1956
In September, the letter was signed on September 14 th
determi Genera size age shaper color materia origin purpos
ner l l e
descrip
tion

A Good Small Young Rectan yellow Plastic Italy Readin

New gular green g
An Bad Short Baby Round Red Metal Ciamis glasses
Big old triangle
2 Nice wooden Japan Walkin
g stick
mediu
100 expensi m
ve
 CAUSATIVES
Five verbs that cause Causati Object Object
the Object do/es what ves active passive
Subject wants Make V1 V1
The teacher makes
Get To V1 V3/ed
us do our test quietly
Have V1 V3/ed
Nancy made us work
as she wants Let V1 V1
yesterday Help To V1 ====
Nancy made the /V3/ed ====
stove fixed last week
 Both, either, neither
Both: ekduanya, plural, +/-, both....and....
Both Tono and Andi do not take genetics this smt
Both Tono and Andi take English 101 this smt
Either: salah >2 pilihan, +, singular, either....or...
Either John or Dave or is my cousin
Neither: tidak satupun, sing/plural, - (not either), neither... Nor...
Neither John nor Dave take English 101 this smt
Neither of them are my classmates
 One, another, other, the other,
others
One, another, the other...singular
I have 3 cars, one is H, another is T, and the other is S
I have 5 cars, one is H, another is T others are S
I have 6 cars, two are Hondas. Others are toyotas, and the others are S