Classification of Bacteria

Survey of Clinically Relevant Bacteria

Modern Prokaryotic Classification

Eubacteria

Archeabacteria

Cyanobacteria

Thermophiles
We will not forget the Archaea
Have no cell nucleus or any other
membrane organelles within their
cells.

In the past they were viewed as an

unusual group of bacteria and named
archaebacteria but since the
Archaea
have an independent evolutionary
history and show many differences in
their biochemistry from other forms
of life.

They are now classified as a separate

domain
Diversity of Bacteria
 Classification of Bacteria
Classification ordering

Nomenclature naming
Often immortalizes the person
who discovered it or its origin
Escherichia coli Theodor
Escherich
coli from colon

Distinguishing identification
 Classification of Bacteria
*Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
*Genus ( 1st name)
*Species ( 2nd name identifier)

Remember: King Philip Came

Over For Good Spaghetti
Classification of Bacteria
Morphology shape, color,
gram specificity

Metabolism

Molecular techniques
Forensics, DNA finger
prints, RNA, protein
analysis
1 Gram Negative Spiral Bacteria
Slender and flexible, come in a
lot of different shapes

More rigid than spirochetes

Ex. Campylobacter jejuni

Symptom tenesmus: the

sensation of desire to
defecate, which is common
and occurs frequently , with
out the production of
significant amounts of feces
(often small amounts of
mucous or blood are alone
passed).

2 Gram Negative Spirochetes

pathogenic
very flexible
tightly coiled, helically coiled

Example
syphilis
Treponema pallidum
Gram Negative Spirochetes
Most of pathogenic
Very flexible
Tightly coiled, helically coiled

Example
Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
(organism gets lodged in
tissues)
3 Gram Negative Aerobic Rods

Legionella pneumophila
Lower respiratory tract
infection
Needs oxygen
Gram Negative Aerobic Rods

Bordetella pertussis
whooping cough
Needs oxygen
Gram Negative Aerobic Rods

Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (pigmented)
Needs moisture
Common in hospitals
Opportunistic pathogen
causes UTI, skin, and lung
infection
4 Gram Negative Facultative Rods
Vibrio
V. cholerae
Most well known of group
Very severe dysentery. Can lose
10-15 liters of water/day. Leads
to hypovolemia low water, hardly
any water in body

V. vulnificus
Very pathogenic
Can cause flesh eating disease,
if it gets in a wound

V. parahaemolyticus
Found in shellfish oysters
Halophile loves salt (will find in oceans, estuaries)
Self limiting
Gram Negative Facultative Rods
Enteric
Salmonella
Shigella
E. coli (0157H7)
5 Gram Negative Anaerobic Rods

Fusobacterium
Live in between teeth
and gums

Cause tooth abscesses

and periodontal disease

Teeth have nothing to

anchor bone is
destroyed

 6 Gram Negative Cocci or Coccobaccilli
(plump rods)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Usually a diplococcus in
PMN

Sexually Transmitted
Disease

very antibiotic resistant

Gram Negative Cocci or Coccobaccilli
(plump rods)
Neisseria meningitidis
very infectious and
communicable.
Gram Negative Cocci or Coccobaccilli
(plump rods)
Acinetobacter baumanni iv.
lwof

opportunistic, UTI, skin,

and upper respiratory
 7 Chlamydia Gram Negative Rods
(Transitional)
Very short little rods
Gram negative
Transitional doesnt hold stain
well
Do not have the ability to
synthesize own ATP, therefore
and obligate intracellular parasite
of other animals (humans)
Can go asymptomatic for a long
time
Ex.
C. trachomatis STD, causes
eye infection
C. psittaci parrot (associated
with birds)
8 Rickettsia Gram Negative Rod
(Transitional)
Small gram negative rods

Transitional doesnt hold

stain well

Cant synthesize its own

NAD, coenzyme A, therefore
an obligate intracellular
parasite

Causative agent of Rocky

Mountain Spotted Fever
Example
R. Prowazekii
9 Mycoplasma Gram Positive
(Transitional )
Gram positive only because
they take in dye in cell
membrane but it washes away
Transitional doesnt hold stain
well.
Have no cell wall
Can not treat with penicillin
Ex.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes
LRTI
Ureaplasma urealyticum causes
UTI
Both imbed themselves in the
tissue. The most cell damage is
done by the immune system
destroying the tissue.
10 Gram Positive Cocci
Staphyloccocus aureus
MRSA

These bacteria can break

down all tissues of body.
Gram Positive Cocci

Streptococcus pyogenes
no antibiotic resistance
right now

These bacteria can break

down all tissues of body.
11 Gram positive Endospore Forming
Rods
Difficult to get rid of
because of endospores

Example
Clostridium tetani
Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
Difficult to get rid of
because of endospores

Example
C. perfringens gangrene
Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
Difficult to get rid of
because of endospores
Common in hospitals
Example
C. difcile

antibiotic associated
pseudmembraneous
enterocolitis
Clostridium difficile
Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
Bacillus
B. anthracis anthrax
zoonosis
Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
Bacillus
B. cereus food poising
Especially in high carb
foods rice, vermicelli

B. thuringiensis natures
insecticide
 12 Coryneforms
Pleomorphic (many shapes)
Example

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
13 Mycobacteria
Gram positive and Acid
Fast
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Respiratory Pathogen

MDR-TB

In the 1950s we sent people

with TB to the sanitariums
 Mycobacteria
Gram positive and Acid Fast
M. avium intracellular complex
(MAC)
Really bad bug
Currently no drugs can cure it
Especially bad for people with
AIDS
Can cause atypical TB
Mycobacteria
Gram positive and Acid
Fast

M. leprae
Causative agent of
leprosy
Not very common
Only affects areas of
body that are below body
temperature
Natural reservoir is the
armadillo