COMPUTER LOGIC

COMPUTER ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
KOMAR UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

DIGITAL CONCEPTS
AND LOGIC GATES
Azhi A. Faraj
 Outlines

Digital and Analog Quantities

Binary Digits, logic levels, and Digital

Waveforms

Basic logic Operations

Overview of Basic logic Functions

Digital Concept
The term digital is derived from the Way computers perform operations,
by counting digits.

For many years, applications of digital electronics were confined to

computer systems.

Today, digital technology is applied in a wide range of areas in addition to

computers. Such applications as television, communications systems, radar,
navigation and guidance systems, military systems, medical
instrumentation, industrial process control. and consumer electronics use
digital techniques.
Analog Vs Digital
Analog quantities have continuous values
Digital quantities have discrete sets of values

Analog quantities have

Digital quantities
continuous values
have discrete sets
of values
Analog Vs Digital

Types of electronic devices or instruments:

Analog
Digital
Combination analog and digital
Analog
An Analog Electronic System
Digital
ASystem Using Digital and Analog
Methods
Binary Quantities and
Variables
A binary quantity is one that can take
only 2 states
S L
OPEN OFF
CLOSED ON

S L
0 0
1 1
A simple binary arrangement
A truth table
Binary Quantities and
Variables
A binary arrangement with two switches
in series

L = S1 AND S2
Binary Quantities and
Variables
A binary arrangement with two switches
in parallel

L = S1 OR S2
Binary Quantities and
Variables
Three switches in series

L = S1 AND S2 AND S3
Binary Quantities and
Variables
Three switches in parallel

L = S1 OR S2 OR S3
A series/parallel arrangement

A series/parallel arrangement

L = S1 AND (S2 OR S3)

 Logic Gates

The building blocks used to create digital

circuits are logic gates
Thereare three elementary logic gates and a
range of other simple gates
Each gate has its own logic symbol which
allows complex functions to be represented by
a logic diagram
Thefunction of each gate can be represented
by a truth table or using Boolean notation
The AND gate

y is only TRUE only if a is TRUE and b is

TRUE
In Boolean algebra AND is represented
by a dot.
OR Gate

y is TRUE if a is TRUE or b is TRUE (or

both)
In Boolean algebra OR is represented
by a plus sign
NOT Gate

A NOT gate is also called an inverter

y is only TRUE if a is FALSE
Circle (or bubble) on the output of a gate
implies that it as an inverting (or
complemented) output
A logic buffer gate
The NAND gate
The NOR gate
EXCLUSIVE OR (XOR) Gate

y is TRUE if a is TRUE or b is TRUE (but

not both)
In Boolean algebra XOR is represented by
an sign
The Exclusive NOR gate
 Boiler Example

If chimney is not blocked and the house is

cold and the pilot light is lit, then open the
main fuel valve to start boiler.
b = chimney c = house is cold
blocked v = open fuel
p = pilot light lit valve

b
c v b .c.
p
p