Chapter 16

Attempts
at
Liberty
Yearning to breathe Free
1. American
Liberty
A) Pilgrims - Mayflower

Religious Liberty
 B) Declaration of
Independence

King George III

George Washington
Treaty of Paris
C) New Government Ideas

Popular
Sovereign
ty
Bill of
Rights
II. French
Revolution

Viva la France!
 A. Reasons for
Discontent
1. Social
Inequality
Old Regime
First Estate
(Clergy)
Second Estate
(Officials)
Third Estate
(98% Pop)
 2. Political
Inefficiency
Louis XVI:
Cared not for
governing

Only loved
Royal social
life
 3. Economic
Irresponsibility

Unfair tax System

Rich paid little to nothing
Poor paid without exception
War Debt
B. Outbreak of the
Revolution
Louis convened the
Estates General
to discuss Frances
problems
Third Estate wants
reform
 B. Outbreak of the
Revolution

o Third Estate ignored

o King disbands Estates General
o Tennis Court Oath Constitution
o National Assembly
1. Storming the
Bastille

Angry Mobs
July 14th 1789
1. Storming the
Bastille

Stormed the Prison

Killed governor and all soldiers
 King: This is a Revolt!
Aid: No sire, this is a Revolution!
C. Phases of the
Revolution
1) Overturn the Old
Regime
Declaration of
the Rights of
Man
Seized
Churchs Land
Civil
 2) Overthrow of the
Monarchy

King tries to flee France

Caught
Forced to agree to New Constitution
a) Legislative
Problems
Jacobins eliminate
the Monarchy
Led by Jean-Paul
Marat; George-Jacques
Danton; Maximilien de
Robespierre
Sans-culottes
b) War with Austria and
Prussia

Constant European Wars

France not unified
b) War with Austria and
Prussia

King wanted Austria to Win

Assembly wanted to Win Credit
Jacobins no War
c) Brunswick
Manifesto
Prussia and Austria encourage French to
support their King
 d) Execution of the
King

Brunswick Manifesto and Military defeats made

King unpopular
September 22, 1792: Year 1 of French Republic
Tried King
Louis XVI

Guilty of
Treason and
executed him
 e) Reign of Terror
Committee of Public Safety:
gave orders to arrest people
against the Revolution
Levee en masse
Led by Robespierre
1795 new constitution
Directory
 e) Reign of
Terror
The Directory chooses a
new General to save
France from destruction
by Austria and England
Napoleon Bonaparte!
3. The Napoleon
Era
Napoleon was
57
NOT SHORT!
A. War vs. France
1769 1821
Napoleon Era
Served in war
against Austria
with distinction
Lost a major Naval
Battle near Egypt
Lord Horatio Nelson
B. Overthrow the
Directory
Britain, Russia,
Austria, Ottoman
Turks
Napoleon fled to
Paris
Welcomed as a hero
Coup d etat (Take
 B. Overthrow the
Directory
Formed a 3 man
Consulate
Domestic Reforms
Code Napoleon:
civil, commercial,
criminal law
Returned land to
Catholic Church;
C. Creation of Napoleons
Empire
 1) Napoleon Crowned
(1804)

1804 Made Himself Emperor

 1) Napoleon Crowned

Napoleon crowns himself

King to Republic to Oligarchy to Triumvirate to Dictator
 2) Napoleons
Conquest

Wanted to rule over all Europe

Plans to invade England
Suffers major Naval loss at the battle of Trafalgar
(Lord Nelson)
 2) Napoleons
Conquest

Nelson dies in the battle

Prevents France from ever invading England
2) Napoleons
Conquest
Launches a full out
attack on land
Defeats Austria and
Russia at Austerlitz
Eliminates the Holy
Roman Empire
 2) Napoleons
Conquest

Defeats Prussia
Controlled mainland Europe
Austerlitz
2) Napoleons
Conquest
France Land
England Sea
What to do?
Continental System
Close Europe to
trade with England
 D.
Napoleon
s Downfall
Defeated Countries didnt want to follow
Continental System
Portugal, Spain, Russia relied on Englands
1) Disaster in Russia
Napoleon amasses the
Grand Army of 600,000
soldiers
1812 Invades Russia
One Decisive Battle
Russia kept Retreating
 Scorched-Earth Policy
Winter closing in
Napoleon takes Moscow
No winter supplies retreats

1) Disaster in Russia
 1) Disaster in Russia

Whole way back to France they are attacked

by Russians and harassed
Less than 100,000 make it back alive
Napoleon sped back to Paris ahead of time
to save his Government
 2) Defeat and Exile

1813 all Europe gathered together to

confront Napoleon.
 2) Defeat and Exile

1813 In the battle of the nations, Napoleon is defeated.

 Exiled him to Elba
Less than 2 years later Congress of Vienna
Restore balance to Europe
2) Defeat and Exile

Word reaches them

NAPOLEON ESCAPED!
Returns to France welcomed as a Hero
Raises army to fight Britain and Prussia
 2) Defeat and Exile

Faces both at Battle of Waterloo

Led by Duke of Wellington
Napoleons greatest defeat!
2) Defeat and Exile

Banished to St. Helena (6 yrs.)

Dies of Stomach Cancer
Th
e
En
d!