Group # 4

Members:
Palwasha Khan
Sahrish Mariam.
Kiran Abbas.
Sidra Naz.
Sara noor.
Shenaz Abdul Malik.
Surrayya
 Objectives:

1. Define Sociology , culture and anthropology.

2. Explain sociology a science or not?
3. List the advantages of sociology.
4. Identify the role of sociology in nursing.
5. Explain methods of sociology.
6. Describe the importance of socio cultural
anthropology and its relation to health.
7. Explain the concept of culture.
8. Identify society at micro and macro level.
 Definitions:
Sociology:
it is the systematic and scientific study of human
social life that emphasis on studying societies, both as
individual entities and as elements of a global
perspective.
Anthropology:
Anthropology is the study of people throughout the
world, their evolutionary history, how they behave,
adapt to different environments, communicate and
socialize with one another
Culture:
Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of
knowledge, experience, beliefs, values,
attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion,
notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts
of the universe, and material objects acquired
by a group of people in the course of
generations through individual and group
striving.
Sociology is a science or not?
 Robert Bierstadt and Features of
sociology:

Sociology is a social science , not a natural one.

Sociology is a categorical , not normative
science.
Sociology is a pure science , not applied science.
Sociology is an abstract science , not concrete
one.
It is generalizing science , not a particularizing.
it is a general science , not a special science .
It is rational and empirical science.
 Application of sociology in
nursing:
It helps the nurse to approach the patient at various
levels.
- Emotional level.
- Cultural level.
- Intellectual level.
It helps to understand the social component of
health.
It provides knowledge to deal with patient and to
understand his habits ,norms , culture etc.
Most of the illness has social causes and social
consequences.
The nurse has to understand the necessity of
changing the environment or surrounding.
It helps to understand the community.
It helps to understand the factors of cast , faith ,
religion etc.
It helps the nurse to remove the egoistic and
impulse based behaviors.
 Methods of sociology:
1. The Comparative Method.
2. Historical Method.
3. The Statistical Method.
4. The Case Study Method.
5. The Functional Method (Functionalism).
6. The Scientific Method.
 Scientific method:
i. Formulation of the Problem,
ii. Formulation of Hypothesis,
iii. Observation of Collection of Data,
iv. Analysis and Synthesis,
v. Generalization,
vi. Formulation of Theory and Law.
Scientific method has a few limitations in
sociology.
 Types of anthropology:

Social anthropology.
Cultural anthropology.
 Advantages of anthropology:
It helps to provide a holistic care.
It helps a nurse in understanding
differences between cultures and groups
within a culture, thus making him or her
more sensitive to factors of importance.
it helps to understand how personality of
an individual is formed.
it provides information about religion and
magic.
 it helps to understand the positive and
negative human behaviors and factors
effecting these behaviors.

It helps to enhances the communication

skills of a nurse.
it helps to understand the disease
prevalence, treatment, prevention,
distribution of medication, etc
1. Definition:

Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of

knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes,
meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles,
spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and
material objects acquired by a group of people in the
course of generations through individual and group
striving.
2. Components of culture:

Cognitive elements.
Beliefs
Value and norms.
Signs.
Non-normative ways of behaving.
3. Characteristics of culture:
Man made part of environment.
Learned behavior , not inborn or
instinctive.
Transferable from one generation to
another.
Ideal for its members.
 Fulfils the needs of its members.
Have capability of adjustment.
Culture is social.
Mean of identification of individual.
Language is the chief vehicle of culture.
It is composed of Ethos and Edos.
4. Evolution of culture:

The explanation for evolution of culture is to

be found in the fact that Culture grows in
three ways:

invention of new traits within culture.

diffusion of new traits from outside the
culture.
discovery of new traits within or outside the
culture.
Influence of culture on health:

Positive effects of culture.

Negative effects of culture.
Culture and socialization:
Culture and socialization are very much
interrelated as:

Personality is the product of culture.

Socialization is culture learning.
culture defines situations.
Culture defines attitudes , values and goals.\
Culture decides our career.
culture provides behavioral patterns.
 Society
Definition:

society is the sum of formal relations in

which individuals are associating together
or bounded together
Social contract theory
Social organismic theory
Elements of society:

Group of individuals.
Mutual interactions of individual.
Feelings of interdepency.
Reciprocal awareness is found for social
relationship.
A pattern of systems and co-operation.
 Characteristics of society
Has group of people having reciprocal
awareness
Web of relationship
Dynamic
Unique culture ,morals ,values and laws
Develops the personality of an individual.
Reciprocal awareness
 Level of analysis
The term "level of analysis" is used in the
social sciences to point to the location,
size, or scale of a research target.

1. Micro level
2. Macro level
Micro level:
The smallest unit of analysis in the social
sciences is an individual in their social
setting
Example:
o Person
o Citizen
o Family
o Household
o Neighborhood.
Macro level:
Macro-level analyses generally trace the
outcomes of interactions, such as economic or
other resource transfer interactions over a large
population. Also referred to as the global level.
example:

o Nation.
o Society
o International
o Global.
Thank you

Presented
By:
Group # 4