PHENOMENOLOGY

SUBMITTED BY; MUNTAZIR HAIDER

SYED SALMAN KAZMI
 PHENOMENOLO
GY

The Beginning;

Derived from the Greek "phainomenon", meaning

appearance.

The study of appearancesas opposed toreality.

Can be considered as branch of Metaphysics and Philosophy of

Mind.

Officially introduced byJohann Heinrich Lambert- (a Swiss

-polymath) in the 18th Century, subsequently by Immanuel
KantandJohann Gottlieb Fichte, and especially byG. W. F.
Hegel.

Roots back in Allegory of the Cave, (a written dialogue

between Glaucon (Platos brother) and his Mentor Socrates) -
presented by Plato in Republic.
 PHENOMENOLO
GY

The Refinement;

The method of inquiryin philosophy, based

on the premise thatrealityconsists of objects
and events ("phenomena") as they
areperceivedor understood in thehuman
consciousness, and not of
anythingindependentof human
consciousness.
Edmund Husserl The Father of
Phenomenology
 PHENOMENOLO
GY

In General;
A description of the givens of immediate experience.

In Research;
The goal of qualitativephenomenological researchis to
describe a "lived experience" of a phenomenon. As this is a
qualitative analysis of narrative data, methods to analyze its
data must be quite different from more traditional or
quantitative methods ofresearch.
 PHENOMENOLO
GY

Characteristics;
Emphasizes a focus on peoples subjective experiences
and interpretations on the world.
Sometimes considered a school of thought or
philosophical perspective.
Wants to understand how the world appears to others.
Analysis of experience
 PHENOMENOLO
GY

Strengths;

Provides a rich and complete description of human experiences

and meanings.
Findings are allowed to emerge, rather than being imposed by
an investigator.
Careful techniques are used to keep descriptions as faithful as
possible to the experiential raw data; this is accomplished by
extreme care in moving step by step and in being ever mindful
not to delete from, add to, change, or distort anything originally
present in the initial meaning units of the participant
transcripts.
The investigator attempts to bracket presuppositions and
biases to hold them in consciousness through all phases of the
research and minimize their influence on the findings.
 PHENOMENOLO
GY

Weaknesses;

The method depends on the articulate skills of the

participants who provide the information therefore
logistical and generalization issues are connected with
this.

The language and terms employed in existential-

phenomenological philosophy and phenomenological
inquiry are usually obtuse or difficult. Conclusions depend
on the particular participants chosen for the study.

In its orientation toward a particular time frame or

moment, the method may miss information about
broader periods or about the development (time course)
of an experience.
 PHENOMENOLO
GY

Types

Transcendental constitutive Objects constituted in pure

consciousness
Naturalistic Consciousness as natural attitude
Existential Actions under free choice
Generative Historicist Perceived Vs Historical meanings
Genetic Genesis of meanings
Hermeneutical Interpretive structure of experiences
Realistic Consciousness and Intentionality
 PHENOMENOLO
GY

THANK YOU