3.

1 Contact and Bolt Pretension

Three main areas of contact enhancements in

ANSYS 5.7:
A. Thermal Contact

NEW FEATURES 5.7

B. Node-to-Node Contact
C. Bolt Pretension

Training
Manual
001419
15 Aug
Contact and Bolt Pretension
A. Thermal Contact
Coupled-field structural-thermal contact.
Supports general thermal contact analysis capability.
Typical applications:

NEW FEATURES 5.7

Metal forming
Assembly contact
Gas turbine

Training
Thermal Assembly Frictional Heating Manual
001419
15 Aug
Contact and Bolt Pretension
...Thermal Contact
Coupled-field solids (PLANE13, SOLID5) and surface-
to-surface contact elements with KEYOPT(1) = 1
Can also be used with pure thermal elements

NEW FEATURES 5.7

Fix all structural DOFs on contact elements

Key features:
Heat conduction between contacting surfaces
Heat generation due to frictional dissipated energy
Heat convection and/or radiation
Between surfaces with small gap
From free surface to environment
Heat flux input at open gap
Training
Manual
001419
15 Aug
Contact and Bolt Pretension
...Thermal Contact
Heat conduction: q = TCC * (TT - TC)
TCC is thermal contact conductance coefficient (real
constant)

NEW FEATURES 5.7

Can be table parameter (function of pressure and temperature)
TT and TC are target and contact surface temperatures
Heat flows when contact status is closed
Model temperature discontinuity across contact interface

No T
(continuous
material) Training
T (contact interface) Manual
001419
15 Aug
Contact and Bolt Pretension
...Thermal Contact
Frictional heat generation: q = FHTG * * v
FHTG is fraction of energy converted to heat (real constant)
is the equivalent frictional stress

NEW FEATURES 5.7

v is the sliding rate
Heat can be distributed unequally between contact and
target:
qc = FWGT * FHTG * * v
qt = (1-FWGT) * FHTG * * v

Brake Pad on Wheel Training

Manual
001419
15 Aug
Contact and Bolt Pretension
...Thermal Contact
Convection: q = CONV * (TE - TC)
CONV is convection coefficient (SFE table parameter load)
TE is target temperature, or bulk temp for free surface (SFE)

NEW FEATURES 5.7

TC is contact temperature
Heat flows between contact and target when 0 < gap <
pinball
Heat flows from contact to environment for free surface
Free surface is recognized for any of these conditions:
Open far-field contact (gap > pinball)
Contact elements only (omit target elements)
If target elements are present, Keyopt(3)=1 for target
elements Training
Manual
001419
15 Aug
Contact and Bolt Pretension
...Thermal Contact
Radiation:
q = RDVF * EMIS * SBCT * [(TE + TOFFST)4 - (TC + TOFFST)4]
RDVF is radiation view factor (real constant)

NEW FEATURES 5.7

RDVF can be table parameter (function of time, temp, gap distance)

EMIS is surface emissivity (material property)

SBCT is Stefan-Boltzman constant (real constant)
TOFFST is temperature offset from absolute zero (TOFFST
command)
Heat flows between contact and target when 0 < gap < pinball
Heat flows from contact to environment for free surface
Free surface recognized as for convection
Training
Manual
001419
15 Aug
Contact and Bolt Pretension
...Thermal Contact
External heat flux input
SFE applied to contact surface only (not target surface)
Heat flux acts only if contact status is open

NEW FEATURES 5.7

For near-field contact, the flux acts on both contact and target
For free surface flux acts only on contact element
Free surface recognized as for convection
Cannot be applied simultaneously with convection on a
given element

Training
Manual
001419
15 Aug
Contact and Bolt Pretension
...Thermal Contact
Thermal contact tips
Conductance TCC
Has units of heat / (time*degree*area)

NEW FEATURES 5.7

Typically less than the equivalent conductance of contacting
solids
For frictional heating, TIME must have true chronological
units
However, if structural inertia and damping are unimportant,
turn them off with TIMINT,STRUC,OFF for faster solution
Unsymmetric solver option may benefit frictional sliding
NROPT,UNSYM

Training
Manual
001419
15 Aug
Contact and Bolt Pretension
B. Node-to-Node Contact
New node-to-node element: CONTA178
Pure Lagrange, augmented Lagrange, or pure penalty algorithms
Pure Lagrange permits tiny penetrations (best accuracy)

NEW FEATURES 5.7

User-definable contact normal direction (several options)
Advanced surface behavior options (bonded, no-separation, ramped
interference, etc.)
User-definable initial gap or interference
Element damper available (for closed gap status)
Semi-automatic real constants (factors)
Radial gap option
Weak spring option for open gap
Unsymmetric solver option (NROPT)
Training
Manual
001419
15 Aug
Contact and Bolt Pretension
...Node-to-Node Contact
Limitations:
Pure Lagrange cant be used with PCG solver
Do not use with midside noded elements

NEW FEATURES 5.7

Small deflection and small sliding only

New node-to-node contact element generation tools

EINTF enhancements
User-specified DX, DY, DZ offset values
Useful for either coincident or offset (noncoincident) nodes
User control over node number ordering
EINTF,,,REVE flips normal direction
NORA and NORL to help define contact directions normal to
contact surface
Rotate nodal coordinate systems to be normal to surface Training
Manual
001419
15 Aug
Contact and Bolt Pretension
C. Bolt Pretension
New tools enhance bolt pretension modeling
Useful for creating, managing, and loading structures
having multiple pretensioned bolts (no limit on the number

NEW FEATURES 5.7

of bolts)

Training
Manual
001419
15 Aug
Contact and Bolt Pretension
...Bolt Pretension
Pretension sections created as named Sections
Procedure is similar to 5.6 creation
Preprocessor > Sections > Pretensn Mesh

NEW FEATURES 5.7

Assign a section
number and
name

Managed similar to beam sections (list, modify, delete)

Preprocessor > Sections > List Sections

Training
Manual
001419
15 Aug
Contact and Bolt Pretension
...Bolt Pretension
Easier pretension load management
Apply pretension loads to named sections
Easy control of pretension sequencing

NEW FEATURES 5.7

Semi-automated locking of pretension displacements

SECT NAME PT.NODE NORMAL KINIT KFD FDVALUE APPLY LOCK

1 bolt1 589 0.000 1.000 0.000 TINY F 0.100E+05 1 Training
2
2 bolt2 591 0.000 1.000 0.000 TINY F 0.100E+05 2 3
3 bolt3 593 0.000 1.000 0.000 TINY F 0.100E+05 3 Manual
4
001419
15 Aug