Critical thinking

By: dr. Desmawati, M.Gizi

Bagian Ilmu Gizi FK Unand

DW-gizi fkunand
 Critical Thinking
is a self-directed process
by which we take
deliberate steps
to think at the
highest level of quality.

DW-gizi fkunand
 What is critical thinking?
Umumnya disebut problem solving
Tidak hanya berisi solusi pertama suatu masalah,
tetapi berpikir lebih DALAM.
Mengetahui, mengerti, menganalisis, mensintesis,
mengaplikasikan, dan mengevaluasi ide atau masalah.
Mencari apakah ada tersembunyi dalam pertanyaan
atau masalah.
Mengaplikasikan prinsip yang logis utk memecahkan
masalah.
Tidak membiarkan suatu alasan ditutupi oleh emosi.

DW-gizi fkunand
What is critical thinking?
Reasoned, purposive, and reflective
thinking used to make decisions,
solve problems, and master
concepts.

Rudd, 2002

DW-gizi fkunand
 BLOOMS TAXONOMY A HIERARCHICAL
CLASSIFICATION OF THE LEVELS OF THINKING

EVALUATIONcritiquing, rating, grading, assaying, assessing, inferring,

drawing conclusions, forming opinions

SYNTHESISredesigning, recreating, putting back together in a

different way
COMPLEX

ANALYSISexamining, taking apart, breaking down

SIMPLE

APPLICATIONusing knowledge & comprehension; solving problems

COMPREHENSIONunderstanding, paraphrasing, interpreting

KNOWLEDGEnaming, recognizing, identifying, recalling, reciting, etc.

DW-gizi fkunand
 Critical Thinking: What is
involved?
Question: what is being asked?
Purpose: why do I want the answer?
Point of View: where do I stand to look at the question?
Information: what data do I have?
Concepts: what ideas are involved?
Assumptions: what am I taking for granted?
Inferences: what conclusions am I drawing?
Consequences: what are the implications of my
question?

DW-gizi fkunand
 Aspek Critical Thinking
Abstract Thinking:
thinking past what your senses tell you
Creative Thinking:
thinking out of the box, innovating
Systematic Thinking:
organizing your thoughts into logical
steps
Communicative Thinking:
being precise in giving your ideas
to others.
DW-gizi fkunand
The Elements of Critical Thinking
1. All reasoning has a purpose.
2. All reasoning is an attempt to figure something out, to
settle some question, to solve some problem.
3. All reasoning is based on assumptions.
4. All reasoning is done from some point of view.
5. All reasoning is based on data, information, and
evidence.
6. All reasoning is expressed through, and shaped by,
concepts and ideas.
7. All reasoning contains inferences by which we draw
conclusions and give meaning to data.
8. All reasoning leads somewhere, has implications and
consequences.
(5) http://criticalthinking.org/University/helps.html
DW-gizi fkunand
 The IDEAL Method

Identify the problem. Yes, ladies and

gentlemen, its
Define the problem. IDEAL!

Explore alternative approaches.

Act on the best strategies.
Look back to evaluate the effects.

DW-gizi fkunand
 Read, write hear etc

Read Write
It It

Substantive
Learning Draw
Hear It
It

Teach Apply
It It
DW-gizi fkunand
Critical thinking outcomes
Rudd & Irani, 2004

Individual factors
High
Quality
Critical
High High High Thinking
Stimulus Outcome

Problem Critical Critical No

Thinking Knowledge Thinking Critical
+ +
Decision Disposition Skill Thinking
Outcome
Others
Low
Low Low Low Quality
Critical
Thinking
External
DW-gizi fkunand factors Outcome
Critical Thinking Application
. . .
. . .
. . .
DW-gizi fkunand
Think for Yourself: 1-1
Beginning to
Think About Your Thinking
Buat daftar masalah yang ada dalam pikiran
anda. Coba menjelaskan sedetail mungkin.
Lengkapi kalimat berikut untuk masing-
masing masalah:
1. Masalah yang sedang saya pikirkan
adalah
2. Penyebab masalah tersebut adalah
3. Juka saya menyelasaikan masalah ini,
kualitas hidup saya kan meningkat
dengan cara . DW-gizi fkunand
 Think for Yourself: 1-2
Critique Your Thinking
Pertimbangkan hasil pemikiranmu dalam memutuskan sesuatu dalam
berbagai aspek kehidupan.
Lengkapi kalimat berikut:
Sekarang, saya percaya hasil pemikiran saya dalam berbagai sisi
kehidupan saya adalah tentang ______________. Berdasarkan
penilaian berikut_________________.
1. Pada area berikut, saya bisa berpikir dengan sangat baik.
2. Pada area berikut, saya bisa berpikir dengan baik, tidak terlalu
bagus tetapi juga tidak begitu buruk.
3. Pada area berikut, saya bisa berpikir dengan kualitas yang
rendah.

Buat masing-masing
DW-gizi 3 masalah untuk masing masalah
fkunand
To learn anything,

you must actively bring it into your thinking.

DW-gizi fkunand
DW-gizi fkunand
Solution
Critical Thinking Exercise

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DW-gizi fkunand