Chapter 10 Part B

The Muscular
System

PowerPoint Lecture Slides

prepared by
Karen Dunbar Kareiva
Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images
2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Ivy Tech Community College
 Table 10.5: Deep Muscles of the Thorax:
Breathing
Two phases of breathing: inspiration (inhaling) and
expiration (exhaling)
Inspiratory muscles include diaphragm and external
intercostals (more superficial muscles that elevate ribs
for inspiration)
Contraction of these muscles enlarges rib cage
Diaphragm divides thoracic and abdominal cavities
Most important muscle in inspiration
Innervated by phrenic nerves
Expiration brought on by relaxation of inspiratory
muscles, as well as contraction of internal intercostals
(deeper muscles that aid forced expiration)
Relaxation of muscles decreases size of rib cage
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Table 10.5 Deep Muscles of the Thorax: Breathing

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Figure 10.11a Muscles of respiration.

External
intercostal

Internal
intercostal

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Table 10.5 Deep Muscles of the Thorax: Breathing

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Figure 10.11b Muscles of respiration.

Xiphoid process of sternum

Foramen for inferior Foramen for
vena cava esophagus
Costal cartilage

Central
tendon of Diaphragm
diaphragm
Foramen Lumbar
for aorta vertebra
12th rib Quadratus
lumborum
Psoas major

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Figure 10.11c Muscles of respiration.

Central tendon of diaphragm

Body of thoracic vertebra Pericardium (cut)

Aorta
Diaphragm (muscular part)
Inferior vena cava
Esophagus
Pericardial sac

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 Table 10.6: Muscles of the Abdominal Wall:
Trunk Movements and Compression of
Abdominal Viscera
Four paired muscles: their fasciae and aponeuroses
form lateral and anterior abdominal wall
Rectus abdominis
External obliques
Internal obliques
Transversus abdominis
Fascicles run at angles to one another, provide strength
All innervated by intercostal nerves
Actions of these muscles
Lateral flexion and rotation of trunk
Help promote urination, defecation, childbirth, vomiting,
coughing, and screaming
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Table 10.6 Muscles of the Abdominal Wall: Trunk Movements and Compression of Abdominal Viscera

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Figure 10.12a Muscles of the abdominal wall.

Pectoralis major

Serratus anterior

Linea alba

Tendinous intersection
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Internal oblique

External oblique

Aponeurosis Inguinal ligament

of the external (formed by free inferior
oblique border of the external
oblique aponeurosis)

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Figure 10.12b Muscles of the abdominal wall.

Rectus
External abdominis
oblique Internal Lumbar Lumbar
IIiac crest oblique fascia Transversus fascia
abdominis
Inguinal
Pubic ligament
tubercle

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Figure 10.12c Muscles of the abdominal wall.

Peritoneum Linea Rectus abdominis

Transversus abdominis
alba
Internal oblique
External oblique
Aponeuroses Skin

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 Table 10.7: Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and
Perineum: Support of Abdominopelvic
Organs
Muscles of the pelvic diaphragm
Composed of two paired muscles
Levator ani
Coccygeus
Both are innervated by sacral nerves
Functions of pelvic diaphragm
Seals inferior outlet of pelvis
Supports pelvic organs
Lifts pelvic floor to help release feces
Resists increased intra-abdominal pressure

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Table 10.7 Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum: Support of Abdominopelvic Organs

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Figure 10.13a Muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum.

Anterior
Pubococcygeus Symphysis pubis
Levator ani Urogenital diaphragm
IIiococcygeus
Urethra
Vagina
Anal
Obturator canal
internus
Coccyx

Piriformis
Levator ani
Pelvic
Coccygeus
diaphragm
Posterior

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 Table 10.7: Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and
Perineum: Support of Abdominopelvic
Organs (cont.)
Muscles of the urogenital diaphragm
Anterior half of perineum, inferior to pelvic floor
Deep transverse perineal muscle
Contains external urethral sphincter (voluntary
control of urination)

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Table 10.7 Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum: Support of Abdominopelvic Organs

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Figure 10.13b Muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum.

Inferior pubic ramus

External urethral
sphincter Urethral
opening
Deep transverse
Vaginal
perineal muscle
Central tendon opening
Anus
External anal
sphincter
Male Female

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 Table 10.7: Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and
Perineum: Support of Abdominopelvic
Organs (cont.)
Muscles of superficial perineal space
Ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus help
maintain erection of penis and clitoris
Superficial transverse perineal muscles
External anal sphincter is located in posterior
half of perineum
Allows voluntary control of defecation
Central tendon of perineum
Strong tendon that many perineal muscles insert
into
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Table 10.7 Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum: Support of Abdominopelvic Organs

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Figure 10.13c Muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum.

Penis
Midline raphe
Clitoris
Ischiocavernosus
Urethral
Bulbospongiosus
opening
Superficial Vaginal
transverse opening
perineal muscle
Levator ani
Gluteus maximus
Anus
Male Female

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 Table 10.8: Superficial Muscles of the
Anterior and Posterior Thorax: Movements of
the Scapula and Arm
Most are extrinsic shoulder muscles
Act in combination to fix shoulder girdle (mostly
scapula); move it to increase range of arm
movements
Actions: elevation, depression, rotation, lateral
and medial movements, protraction, and
retraction
Two groups of muscles
Muscles of the anterior thorax
Muscles of the posterior thorax
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 Superficial Muscles of the Thorax

Anterior extrinsic shoulder muscles

Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Subclavius
(Pectoralis major considered later with muscles that
act on the humerus)
Posterior extrinsic shoulder muscles
Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids (major and minor)
(Latissimus dorsi considered later with muscles that
act on the humerus)
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Table 10.8-1 Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior Thorax: Movements of the Scapula and Arm

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Figure 10.14a Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting on the scapula and arm.

Sternocleidomastoid Subclavius
Clavicle

Deltoid Subscapularis
Pectoralis minor
Pectoralis major
Coracobrachialis
Sternum
Serratus anterior
Biceps brachii
Humerus

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Figure 10.14b Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting on the scapula and arm.

Sternocleidomastoid

Deltoid Subclavius
Cephalic Pectoralis minor
vein Coracobrachialis
Pectoralis
major Biceps brachii

Internal intercostals
(seen through external
External intercostal membranes)
oblique Serratus anterior
Rectus abdominis

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Table 10.8-2 Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior Thorax: Movements of the Scapula and Arm (continued)

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Figure 10.14c Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting on the scapula and arm.

Levator
scapulae
Trapezius Supraspinatus
Clavicle
Deltoid
Spine of scapula
Rhomboid
minor Infraspinatus
Rhomboid Teres minor
major Teres major

Humerus

Latissimus
dorsi

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Figure 10.14d Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting on the scapula and arm.

Trapezius

Deltoid

Teres major

Triceps brachii

Latissimus
dorsi

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Figure 10.14e Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting on the scapula and arm.

Levator scapulae
Rhomboid
Deltoid
minor
Infraspinatus

Rhomboid Teres minor

major
Teres major

Latissimus dorsi

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