Blood circulatory system

The functions of the blood circulatory

system are to

supply oxygen to all body cells and

eliminate carbon dioxide
transport waste products like carbon
dioxide and urea for elimination.
 TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN HUMANS

The human circulatory system consists of

(a) heart pumps blood into all parts of

the body
(b) blood vessels arteries, veins and
capillaries
(c) blood plasma, blood cells and
dissolved substances
THE HUMAN HEART
 The heart acts as a pump that pumps blood
through the body
The heart has four large chambers
left atrium (auricle)
right atrium (auricle)
left ventricle
right ventricle
The left side of the heart contains
oxygenated blood.
The right side contains deoxygenated
blood.
 Each chamber is connected to the blood
vessel

left atrium connected to pulmonary vein

right atrium connected to vena cava
left ventricle connected to aorta
right ventricle connected to pulmonary
artery
 Type of blood vessel and their functions
Type of blood Function
vessel
Vena cava Channels deoxygenated blood
from all parts of the body to the
right atrium
Pulmonary artery Carries deoxygenated blood
from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary vein Carries oxygenated blood from
the lungs to the heart

Aorta Carries oxygenated blood from

the heart to the whole body
 Valves in the heart and blood vessels
ensure that the flow of blood is in one
direction

There are three types of valve in the heart

tricuspid valve
bicuspid valve
semilunar valve
Type of valve in the heart and their functions

Type of valve Function

Tricuspid Prevents blood in the right

ventricle from flowing back to
the right atrium
Bicuspid Prevents blood in the left
ventricle from flowing back to
the left atrium
Semilunar Prevents blood leaving the
heart from flowing back
 BLOOD VESSELS
3 types of blood vessels
i. Artery Carry oxygenated blood
( except the pulmonary
artery) away from the heart
ii. Vein Carry deoxygenated
blood (except the
pulmonary vein) towards
the heart
iii. Capillary Connect arteries to
veins
 Comparison
Characteristic between
Artery Vein artery,
Capillary

vein and capillary

Cross-
section

Carries
Carries Carries
blood from
Function blood out of blood into
the artery to
the heart the heart
the vein
Thin and
Thick,
Thickness of not as
muscular Very thin
wall muscular or
and elastic
elastic
Lumen small big Very small
Presence
No Yes No
of valve
Oxygenated Oxygenated
Deoxygenated
blood blood to the
Type of blood (except
(except for cells and
blood for the
the deoxygenated
carried pulmonary
pulmonary blood from
vein)
artery) the cells
Rate of
blood Fast slow Fast
flow
Blood
high low high
pressure
Blood circulation through the heart
 Summary of the path of blood flow in the
circulatory system:

Vena Right Tricuspid Right

cava atrium valve ventricle

Left Pulmonary Pulmonary

Lungs
atrium vein artery

Biscuspid Left Semilunar

Aorta
valve ventricle valve

All parts of the body

(except the lungs)
 Blood circulatory system
Two phases:
i. Pulmonary circulation
ii. Systemic circulation

Pulmonary circulation
- Circulation of blood from the heart to
the lungs and then taken back to the
heart
- transports deoxygenated blood from
the heart to the lungs and carries
oxygenated blood back to the heart again
 Systemic circulation
- Circulation of blood from the heart
to all parts of the body and then back
to heart
- Transport oxygenated blood and
nutrients to all parts of the body and
carries deoxygenated blood back to
the heart
 transports
deoxygenated
blood from the
heart to the lungs
and carries
oxygenated
blood back to the
heart again

Transport
oxygenated blood
and nutrients to
all parts of the
body and carries
Deoxygenated
blood back to the
heart
 The blood circulatory system transport
(a) oxygen from the lungs to the cells
(b) nutrients to the cells
(c) carbon dioxide from the cells to the
lungs to be removed
(d) waste products to the skin and kidneys
to be excreted
(e) hormones from the glands to the various
parts of the body
 HUMAN BLOOD
An adult human body contains about five
litres of blood

Blood consists of
(a) plasma
(b) red blood cells
(c) white blood cells
(d) platelets (blood-clotting cells)
 Constituents of blood

Plasma Blood cells

Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets

 Consist of 90% water and
10% dissolved substances

Yellowish fluid with

alkaline characteristics
Plasma
Functions :
To transport digested
food to the cells
To transport waste
products like urea
To control the body
temperature at 370C
Function to transport oxygen to body cells
Function to protect the body from being
attacked by microorganisms
like bacteria and viruses
Function to clot blood in a wound
Function of the blood
 BLOOD GROUPS
The four groups of human blood are A, B,
AB and O.
A person with blood group O is able to
donate blood to people with the other
three blood groups (A, B and AB) and so
he known as a universal donor
A person with blood group AB is able to
accept blood from all the blood groups
(A, B, AB and O) and so he is known as a
universal recipient
Can donate Can receive
blood to People with blood from
people with blood group people with
blood group blood group
O, A, B, AB O O

A, AB A O, A

B, AB B O, B

AB AB O, A, B, AB
 TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN PLANTS

Transpiration
Transpiration is a process by which water is
lost in the form of water vapour from the
surface of a plant into the air by
evaporation.

Most water vapour is lost through the

stomata of a leaves.
 Function of stomata:

(a) Allow water vapour to diffuse during

transpiration

(b) Allow the exchange of gases during

photosynthesis and respiration
 Stomata have guard cells to control the loss
of water from plants.
The pore size of the stomata is controlled by
guard cells
 When photosynthesis
takes place during the
day, the stomata are
usually open to allow
carbon dioxide to
diffuse in and oxygen to
diffuse out.
The opening of the
stomata results in the
loss of water by
transpiration.
 stoma close

On a hot day, the stomata may

close to reduce the loss of
water by transpiration.

stoma open

On a cold day, the stomata

may open.

A lot of water will be lost if the pore size of the

stomata is large. On the other hand, less
water will be lost if they are small.
 Rate of transpiration
Factors affecting the rate of transpiration are
(i) temperature - The higher the temperature,
the higher the rate of
transpiration.
(ii) light - The higher the amount of light,
the higher the rate of transpiration
(iii) wind - the stronger the wind, the higher
the rate of transpiration
(iv) humidity - the higher the humidity, the
lower the rate of transpiration
 Conclusion:

High temperature, high light

intensity, strong wind and dry
air increase the rate of
transpiration.
 The importance of
transpiration to a plant

The role of transpiration is to

i. get rid of excess water from plants.
ii. cool plants on hot days.
iii. transport water and mineral salts
from the roots to the whole plant.
TRANSPORT IN PLANTS THROUGH
THE XYLEM AND PHLOEM
The transport system of flowering plants
consists of the:

i. xylem which carries water and

mineral salts from the roots to the
leaves

ii. phloem which carries food made in

the leaves to other parts of a plant
Cambium Phloem

Xylem