HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE I

Egyptian Architecture
 Geographic condition
Geological condition
Climatic condition
Religious condition
Social condition
 Geographic
Gift of Nile
Geologic
Rich clay abundantly available, Sun
dried bricks
Lime stones, sans stones, and granite
Climatic
Spring and summer
Warm and bright
 Religious
Pharaohs
Mysterious tradition
Monotheism & polytheism
Strong belief in future life
 Social
Scribes & viziers
Literature
Role of woman
Astronomy
Calendar
Prediction
 Historical
30 dynasties
1-9 : old kingdom 3000-210 BC
Menes
Memphis
Tombs & sphinxes
10-17: middle kingdom 2130-1580BC
Thebes
Pyramids & temples
18-30: new kingdom 1580-330BC
Temples
Assyrians
Greeks
Alexander Macedonia
Ptolomy
Cleopatra last Egyptian ruler
Romans
Constantine many churches
were built
Arabs and Turks religion Islam
British 1880
Independence - 1922
Egyptian architecture
Egyptian columns
Sphinx
Tomb architecture
Mastabas
Pyramids
Rock-hewn tombs
Temples
Oblisks
Dwellings
Fortress
 PYRAMIDS evolved from
MASTABA ; with four sides facing
the Cardinal points , they were
made by 100,000 men for 100
years.
STEP PYRAMID evolved from
Mastaba
BENT OR BLUNT PYRAMID 2
degrees of inclination of slope
SLOPE PYRAMID parts ( kings
chamber , Queens chamber ,
subterranean chamber, grand
gallery, airshafts.
STEP PYRAMID evolved from Mastaba
pyramid of Djoser or Zoser at Saqqara
pyramid at Meydem
BENT OR BLUNT PYRAMID od Senefru at Dashur
SLOPE PYRAMID finest at biggest of Cheops at Giza
chephron
parts ( kings chamber , Queens chamber , subterranean
chamber, grand gallery, airshafts.
PYRAMID OF THE CHEOPS OR KHUFU (146.4 mts. High
& ( 750 sq. ft. ) in plan two times the area of the
famous St. Peter Basilica in Rome.

*for educational purposes only*

http://www.guardians.net/articles/images/Plan_Great_Pyramid.jpg
PYRAMID OF CHEOPS or Khufu
( 143.0 mts. high ) & (705 sq. ft. ) in plan.
PYRAMID OF MYKERINOS or Menkaura
(109.0 mts. high) & (218ft. high)

*for educational purposeshttp://www.ancient-egypt.org/topography/giza/mykerinos/map3d.gif

only*
 PARTS OF PYRAMID COMPLEX:
elevated causeway
Offering chapel
Mortuary
Valley bldg.
ROCK CUT TOMB OR ROCK HEWN
TOMB cut deep into the mountain
rock

*for educational purposes only*

 TEMPLES ( 2 TYPES)
Montuary built in honor of the Pharaohs
Cult built for the worship of the gods, only high
priest can enter in both types of temple.
PARTS OF AN EGYPTIAN TEMPLE
Entrance Pylon massive sloping towers fronted by
an obelisks known as gateways in Egypt .
Hypaethral Court large outer court open to the sky
Hypostyle Hall - a pillared hall in which the roofs rest
on column.
Sanctuary usually surrounded by passages &
chambers used in connection w/ the temple service.
Avenue of Sphinx where mystical monster were
placed.

*for educational purposes only*

*for educational purposes only*
EXAMPLE OF TEMPLES

1) Great Temple of Abu Simbel entrance forecourt leads to an imposing faade

formed by a pylon carved w/ 4 Colossal seated statues.( RAMESSES 1-1V)
2) Great Temple of Ammon, Khanak most grandest temple in Egyptian planning
& was commenced by Amenemhat 1 ; occupying an area of 1,200 ft. x 360 ft
3) Temple of Ammon, Der El Bahari
4) Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
5) Temple of Elephantine
6) Temple of Hathor, Dendera
7) Temple of Horus, Edfu
8) Temple of Isis, Philae
9) Temple of Khons, kharnak, by Ramesses III
10)Temple of Luxor
11)Temple of Mamimisi
12)Temple of Mentuhetep, Thebes
13)Temple of Seti I, Abydos
14)Temple of Ramesseum, Thebes

*for educational purposes only*

The Great Temple of Abu- Simbel It is one of the rock- hewn temples at this place
commanded by the indefatigable Rameses II. An entrance forecourt leads to the imposing
faade, 36 m ( 119 ft. ) wide and
32 m ( 105 ft. ) high formed as pylon, immediately in front of which are four rock-cut seated
colossal statues of Rameses, over 20 m ( 65 ft. ) high.

*for educational purposeshttp://www.culturefocus.com/egypt/pictures/abu-simbel-11small.jpg

only*
https://www.awesomestories.com/images/user/014ebc28e4.jpg
 http://www.touregypt.net/images/touregypt/abusimbel3.jpg
http://www.culturefocus.com/egypt/pictures/abu-simbel-13small.jpg
*for educational purposes only*
http://www.selectegypt.com/images/The%20great%20pillared%20hall%2022.jpg
http://www.insightguides.com/docs/images/thickbox/fafa7974-be36-4f05-a390-d2e8a4c64292.abu-simbel-egypt-2.jpg
Great Temple of Ammon, Khanak most grandest temple in Egyptian
planning
& was commenced by Amenemhat 1 ; occupying an area of 1,200 ft. x 360 ft

*for educational purposes only*

http://www.bible-history.com/past/images/temple_of_amun_karnak.gif
*for educational purposes only*
http://www.willgoto.com/pictures/b/Precinct_of_Amun_Re_in_Karnak_temple.jpg
http://guardians.net/egypt/images/amuntemple2.jpg
*for educational purposes only*
Temple of Queen HATSHEPSUT ,
Mt. Der El - Bahari
Queen of Egypt, famous for her funerary temple
@ Mt.Der-El-Bahari.

http://www.egypttourinfo.com/uploads/13-05-29_03-02-28pm_249967493736423.jpg
*for educational purposes only*
http://www.sandrashaw.com/images/AH1L10Hat2.jpg
 *for educational purposes only*
http://hawkebackpacking.com/images/pictures/africa/egypt_2007/luxor_hatshepsut/egypt_2007_luxor_hatshepsut_04.jpg
OBELISKS are
monumental pillars
usually in pairs at the
temple entrances
considered the symbol of
Heliopolis the sun god.
They are square in plan &
stands at the ht. of 9 to 10
times the diameter of the
base. The four sides
tapers to the top on the
form of a small pyramid.

*for educational purposes only*

http://www.bible-history.com/archaeology/egypt/obelisk-luxor-thebes.jpg
http://toptravelservice.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Egyptian-Obelisks-2.jpg
SPHINX a mystical
monster with a
body of a lion and
head of a man or
androsphinx, body
of a lion & head of a
hawk or
heiraosphinx , &
body lion & head of
a ram or
criosphinx.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Great_Sphinx_of_Giza_-_20080716a.jpg
*for educational purposes only*
 CAPITALS & COLUMNS
Bud & Bell Capital
Volute Capital
Hathor Headed Capital
Polygonal Columns
Palm type Capital
Osiris Pillars
Papyrus Capital
Square Pillars

*for educational purposes only*