Unit 2

UNIT 2
PROFESSIONAL
ETHICS AND CODE
OF CONDUCT
ARA 91 PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE 1
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS & CODE
OF CONDUCT
2.1 Role of Indian Institute of Architects
2.2 Architects Act 1972 (Intent, objectives,
provisions with regard to architectural
practice)
2.3 Council of Architecture Roles and
Functions
2.4 Importance of ethics in professional
practice COAs guidelines
2.5 Code of conduct for architects as
prescribed by COA, punitive action for
professional misconduct of an architect
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ROLE OF INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS
In 1917, a group of people who were past students of architecture
of Sir J.J. school of art decided to form themselves into an
association and it was decided to christen the infant "the
architectural students association
The activities of the association showed, steady progress, members
began to seriously consider an improvement in status of the
association
The word "students" seemed inapt for a body that had now practicing
architects within it
In 1922, it announced the formal inauguration of the rechristened
association The Bombay Architectural Association in Mumbai
Affiliated to the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1925 and re-
considered aims and objectives it was converted to IIA in the year
1929
The Indian Institute of Architects(IIA) is the national body of
architects in our country.
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The institute today has more than 20000 members
The institute has a major role in promoting the profession
of architects by uniting and organizing fellowships for the
architects in India to promote aesthetic, scientific and
practical efficiency of the profession
IIA is represented on various national and international
committees connected with art, architecture and the
building industry
Also actively associated with:
International union of architects(UIA)
Commonwealth Association of Architects(CAA)
South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation of
Architects (SAARCH)
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IIA has six classes of membership:
HONORARY FELLOWS - any individual who is not necessarily a qualified architect
but has contributed to the growth of architectural profession
ASSOCIATES - any person who has attained the age of 21 and graduated
from one of the institutions registered with council of architecture
LICENTIATES - any person who is registered with COA is eligible to apply
for licentiate member
STUDENTS - a student enrolled in any one of the architectural
institutions can on application, become a student member
RETIRED MEMBERS - any fellow, associate or licentiate after attaining
the age of 55 and on completely retiring from service or profession can
apply for this post
SUBSCRIBERS - a subscriber shall be either a person who was a member
of the Bombay architectural association at the time of adoption of the
original constitution of the institute, now amended or a person who in
the opinion of the council is likely to render assistance in promoting the
objects of the institute
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All affairs of the institute is managed by a council, but will
be subjected to the control by the general body of the
institute. The council holds office for a period of 2 official
years
The Council consists of :
President
2 Vice Presidents
Hon. treasurer
2 or more Joint Secretaries
The immediate past President
Chairman of 5 regional committees (N, W, E, S, C)
Chairman of all chapters
The Hon. Editor of the Journal
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It encourages the science and the art of planning
and building the standards of architectural
education, training and practice, by making grants
to Technical Institutions, or by paying or assisting
to pay the fees and expenses of students or by
providing and giving scholarships, prizes or other
rewards to such students, or by any or all such
methods
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It devises and imposes the means for testing the
qualifications of the candidates for admission to
membership of the Institute, by examination in
theory and in practice, or by any other tests, or to
arrange with any technical Institute or Institutions
for the imposition of any such tests
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It looks into all factors affecting the practice of
architecture and it initiates and watches over
measures affecting, or likely to affect, the
practice of Architecture, and to procure such
changes of, and amendments in the law relating to
or affecting the practice of Architecture
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It holds conferences or meetings for the discussion
of, and the exchange of news and matters
affecting or relating to architecture, the reading of
papers and the delivery of lectures, and hold
congresses or exhibitions (either jointly with any
other body or Institution or otherwise) for the
exposition of any matters affecting or relating to
the theory or practice of Architecture or any allied
subject; and to award medals, certificates, prizes
or diplomas in connection therewith
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It purchases, leases, rents, holds and disposes of
any land or property, and any building or hall and
erects any such building or buildings to be used as
place of meeting for the members of the institute,
or as a college, school or reading room or library
for the advancement of the object of the institute,
and provides accommodation for any meeting,
conference, exhibition or congress, whether
promoted wholly or partly by the Institute or
which, in the opinion of the Council, may conduce
to or assist in the carrying on with the objects of
the Institute or tend to do so
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It co-ordinates the activities of the building
industry and of the Profession of Architecture, and
to amalgamate or combine or act temporarily or
otherwise, in conjunction with any other body or
bodies, Institution or Institutions, having like or
similar objects
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It acquires by purchasing , donation, request or
otherwise a library and collection of models,
drawings, designs or other materials, and to
maintain, extend and improve the same
It formulates and notifies the law and practice
relating to Architecture to members and the
public, and to compile, collect, collate, revise,
print and publish statistics, professional records or
periodicals relating to any of the objects of the
Institute
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It issues appeals for funds in furtherance of the
objects of the Institute, to accept any gift,
endowment or bequest mode to the Institute, and
to carry any trust attached to any such gift,
endowment or bequest, and to borrow moneys, if
required for the purpose of the Institute, provided
such gifts, endowments, bequests or loans shall be
accepted if they are not accompanied by
conditions inconsistent or in conflict with the
objects for which the Institute is established
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It ensures the advancement of the living standards
of our people through their improved environment
and to make the profession of ever increasing
service to the society
It constitutes various classes of members including
Honorary Fellows who are influential and
experienced people directly or indirectly from the
field
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Legal status of the institute
The Indian Institute of Architects is registered under the
Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860 as a voluntary
organization of Architects
The only other organization at the national level is the
Council of Architecture established under the Architects
Act 1972 with the statutory duty of Registration
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Bye-Laws of IIA
A member or student of IIA is governed by the constitutional
bye-laws of the Indian institute of architects
(1) A member or student must not hold a position in which his interest
is in conflict with his professional duties
(2) A member or student is remunerated solely by his professional
fees payable by his client or by a salary payable by his employer. It is
the duty of a member or student to uphold and apply the scale of
professional fees and charges adopted by the IIA
(3) A member or student must not accept any work which involves
discounts or commission
(4 a) A member or student may be architectural consultant , advisor
or assistant of building contractors, decorators, manufacturers, house
and estate agents, provided that he is paid by fee or salary and not
by commission and that he does not solicit orders for the company
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Bye-Laws of IIA
(4 b) As described in clause 4(a), his name and affix may appear only
on the note paper of the firm or company used in connection with his
professional services
(4 c) As described in clause 4(a), he shall not act in a professional
capacity for a third party but if mutually agreed between all the
parties he may act as an independent architect
(5 a) A member or student may be a partner, director or member of
any company registered under any act of the Indian legislature; but his
professional affix may not appear on the note paper of the company
(5 b) A member or student must not be a partner, director or member
of a company connected with the building industry or trading in land
or building for profit
(6) Member or student must not advertise or offer his services by
means of circulars or otherwise, nor may he make paid
announcements in the press, except :
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Bye-Laws of IIA
(6 a) Advertisements, professional appointments open or wanted
may be inserted in the press
(6 b) On three occasions, change of address may also be inserted
(6 c) A member or student may notify his correspondence by the
post only once
(7) A member or a student may allow signed illustration and
descriptions of his work to be published in the press, but he shall
not:
(7 a) Give monetary considerations for such insertions
(7 b) Allow such insertions to be used by the publishers for
extorting advertisements for contributors
(8) A member or student may sign his buildings and may exhibit
his name outside his office and on buildings in the course of
construction; the lettering does not exceeding 10 cm in height
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Bye-Laws of IIA
(9) A member or student must not compete with
another architect by means of reduction of fees or
by other inducements
(10) A member or student on being approached or
instructed to proceed with professional work upon
which another architect was previously employed
shall notify the fact to such architect before finally
accepting the appointment
(11) In all cases of dispute between building owner
and contractors a member or student must act in
an impartial manner
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What is COA, How is it different from IIA?
In
India, we have the regulatory COA and the more club-like IIA
with programs, fellowship cocktail dinners and workshop-
conventions
The Architects Act was passed in 1972, it paved way for a proper way of
educating and registering Architects competent to handle the design and
building of a truly developing nation , this is governed by the COA
Ever since COA has remained a body which primarily maintains a registry of
Architects and monitors the minimum standards of architectural education in
India
The COA, by virtue of the limitations of the Act and its purpose, has not
endeared itself to its Registrants. Registered architects are not members of
the Council of Architecture, it only registers and looks over the control of
education in countless schools of Architecture. In this way COA is different from
the IIA
Yet the actual truth is that the Act and the COA are the only legitimate
things that architects have; the only instrument of power and recognition
that can actually protect and improve the lot of the fraternity
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ARCHITECTS ACT 1972 (31st May 1972)
An Act to provide for the registration of architects
and for matters connected therewith
It has come into force from 31st May 1972 and extends
to the whole India
It contains 4 Chapters with 45 Sections along with one
Schedule
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CHAPTER 1 (Preliminary)
This Act may be called the Architects Act, 1972. (2) It extends to the
whole of India.
Architect" means a person whose name is for the time being entered in
the register;
"Council" means the Council of Architecture constituted under Section 3;
"Indian Institute of Architects" means the Indian Institute of Architects

registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860;
Recognized Qualification" means any qualification in architecture for

the time being included in the Schedule or notified under section 15;
Register" means the register of architects maintained under section 23;
Regulation" means a regulation made under this Act by the Council;
Rule" means a rule made under this Act by the Central Government
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CHAPTER 2 (Council of Architecture)
A Council to be known as the Council of
Architecture, which shall be a body corporate,
having perpetual succession and a common
seal, with power to acquire, hold and dispose of
property, both movable and immovable, and to
contract, and may by that name sue or be sued
The Head Office of the Council shall be at Delhi
or at such other place as the Central
Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, specify
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The council shall consist of the following members:
Five architects possessing recognized qualifications elected by the
Indian Institute of Architects from among its members
Two persons nominated by the All India Council for Technical
Education established by the Resolution of the Government of
India
Five persons elected from among themselves by heads of
architectural institutions in India imparting full-time instruction
for recognised qualifications
The Chief Architects in the Ministries of the Central Government
to which the Government business relating to defence and
railways has been allotted and head of the Architectural
Organization in the Central Public Works Department, ex officio
(by virtue of ones position/status)
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The council shall consist of the following members:
One person nominated by the Central Government
An architect from each State nominated by the Government of
that state
Two persons nominated by the Institution of Engineers (India)
from among its members
One person nominated by the Institution of Surveyors of India
from among its members
The President and the Vice-President of the Council shall be
elected by the members of the Council from among themselves
An elected President or Vice-President of the Council shall hold
office for a term of three years or till he ceases to be a
member of the Council, whichever is earlier
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The Council shall meet at least once in every six months
at such time and place and shall observe such rules of
procedure in regard to the transaction of business at its
meetings as may be prescribed by regulations
Unless otherwise prescribed by regulations, nine
members of the Council shall form a quorum, and all the
acts of the Council shall be decided by a majority of the
members present and voting
In the case of an equal division of votes, the President,
or in his absence, the Vice-President or, in the absence
of both, the member presiding over the meeting, shall
have and exercise a second or casting vote
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The council shall:
Appoint a Registrar who shall act as its Secretary
and who may also act, if so decided by the Council,
as its treasurer
Appoint such other officers and employees as the
Council deems necessary to enable it to carry out
its functions under this Act
With the previous sanction of the Central
Government, fix the pay and allowances and other
conditions of service of officers and other
employees of the Council
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Every authority in India which grants a recognised qualification
shall furnish such information as the Council may, from time to
time, require as to the courses of study and examinations to be
undergone in order to obtain such qualification, as to the ages at
which such courses of study and examinations are required to be
undergone and such qualification is conferred and generally as to
the requisites for obtaining such qualification
The Executive Committee shall, subject to regulations, if any,
made by the Council, appoint such number of inspectors as it
may deem requisite to inspect any college or institution where
architectural education is given or to attend any examination
held by any college or institution for the purpose of
recommending to the Central Government recognition of
architectural qualifications granted by that college or institution
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The inspectors shall not interfere with the conduct of
any training or examination, but shall report to the
Executive Committee on the adequacy of the
standards of architectural education including staff,
equipment, accommodation, training and such other
facilities as may be prescribed by regulations for
giving such education or on the sufficiency of every
examination which they attend
The Executive Committee shall forward a copy of such
report to the college or institution and shall also
forward copies with remarks, if any, of the college or
institution thereon, to the Central Government
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When upon report by the Executive Committee it appears to the
Council
That the courses of study and examination to be undergone in,
or the proficiency required from the candidates at any

examination held by, any college or institution, or
That the staff, equipment, accommodation, training and
other facilities for staff and training provided in such

college or institution
After considering such representation the appropriate
Government shall forward it along with such remarks as it

may choose to make to the college or institution concerned,
with an intimation of the period within which the college or
institution, as the case may be, may submit its explanation
to the appropriate Government
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The Council may prescribe the minimum standards of
architectural education required for granting recognised
qualifications by colleges or institutions in India
The Council may by regulations prescribe standards of
professional conduct and etiquette and a code of ethics
for architects
Regulations made by the Council under sub-section (1)
may specify which violations thereof shall constitute
infamous conduct in any professional respect, that is to
say, professional misconduct, and such provision shall
have effect notwithstanding anything contained in any
law for the time being in force
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CHAPTER 3 (Registration of Architects)
The Central Government shall, as soon as may be, cause to be
prepared in the manner hereinafter provided a register of architects
for India
The Council shall upon its constitution assume the duty of
maintaining the register in accordance with the provisions of this
Act
The register shall include the following particulars, namely :-
The full name with date of birth, nationality and residential
address of the architect

His qualification for registration, and the date on which he
obtained that qualification and the authority which conferred it

The date of his first admission to the register
His professional address and such further particulars as may be
prescribed by rules
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CHAPTER 3 (Registration of Architects)
A person shall be entitled on payment of such fees as may be
prescribed by rules to have his name entered in the register, if
he resides or carries on the profession of architect in India
and-
Holds a recognised qualification, or
Does not hold such a qualification but, being a citizen of India,
has been engaged in practice as an architect for a period of
not less than five years prior to the date appointed under sub-
section (2) of section 24
The Central Government shall, by the same or a like
notification, appoint a date on or before which application for
registration, which shall be accompanied by such fee as may be
prescribed by rules, shall be made to the Registration Tribunal
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CHAPTER 4 (Miscellaneous)
If any person whose name is not for the time being entered in
the register falsely represents that it is so entered, or uses in
connection with his name or title any words or letters reasonably
calculated to suggest that his name is so entered, he shall be
punishable with fine which may extend to Rs.1000/-
After the expiry of one year from the date appointed under
sub-section (2) of section 24, no person other than a
registered architect, or a firm of architects shall use the title
and style of architect
If any person contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1), he
shall be punishable on first conviction with fine which may
extend to five hundred rupees and on any subsequent
conviction with imprisonment which may extend to six months
or with fine not exceeding one thousand rupees or with both
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The Central Government may, by notification in the
Official Gazette, make rules to carry out the purposes
of this Act
The Council may, with the approval of the central
Government, *[by notification in the Official
Gazette] make regulations not inconsistent with
the provisions of this Act, or the rules made
there under to carry out the purposes of this Act
In particular and without prejudice to the
generality of the foregoing power, such
REGULATIONS may provide for -
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The management of the property of the Council
The powers and duties of the President and the Vice-
President of the Council
The summoning and holding of meetings of the Council
and the Executive Committee or any other committee
constituted under section 10
The functions of the Executive Committee or of any other
committee constituted under section 10
The courses and periods of study and of practical training,
if any, to be undertaken, the subjects of examinations and
standards of proficiency therein to be obtained in any
college or institution for grant of recognised qualifications
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The appointment, powers and duties of inspector
The standards of staff, equipment, accommodation,
training and other facilities for architectural education
The conduct of professional examinations,
qualifications of examiners and the conditions of
admission to such examinations
The standards of professional conduct and etiquette
and code of ethics to be observed by architects
Any other matter which is to be or may be provided by
regulations under this Act and in respect of which no
rules have been made
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ARCHITECTS ACT 1972 (31 st May 1972)
COA REGULATIONS 1982
In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) and sub-section
(2) of section 45 of the Architects Act, 1972), the Council of
Architecture, with the approval of the Central Government, hereby
makes the following regulations,
Regulations are divided into 8 parts and 30 sections. As below :-
PART 1 (Preliminary and Definitions)
PART 2 (C.O.A. Meetings)

PART 3 (Powers & Duties of President & vice president)
PART 4 (Executive Committee)
PART 5 (Committees of Council)
PART 6 (Registrar and Employees of the Council)
PART 7 (Finances, Accounts and Audit)
PART 8 (Inspection of Educational Institutions of
Architecture)
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COA RULES 1973
In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 44 ofThe
Architects Act, 1972the Central Government hereby
makes the following rules
There are seven divisions in this Rule,1973 in 5 chapters
Chapter 1 (Preliminary)
Chapter 4 (Election of President & VP of the Council)
Chapter 5 (Election of members of the Executive
committee)
Chapter 6
Chapter 7 (Complaints & enquiries related to
professional misconduct of an architect)

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CHAPTER 6
Application for Registration - Form(11) + Rs. 600/-
Renewal Fee 600/- or 6000/- one time
Manner of Endorsement on a certificate of
registration valid upto 31st December
Restoration to the register fee of Rs.
1000/-
Entry of additional qualifications Rs. 200/-
for each entry
Duplicate Certificate Form (13) + 600/-
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ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION 1983
MINIMUM STANDARDS ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION
REGULATIONS, 1983
In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section
(2) of section 45 read with section 21 of the
Architects Act, 1972 the Council of Architecture,
with the approval of the Central Government,
hereby makes the following regulations, namely
These regulations may be called the Council
of Architecture (Minimum Standards of
Architectural Education) Regulations, 1983
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ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION 1983 DEFINITIONS
"Executive Committee" means the Executive Committee
constituted under Section 3
"Faculty" means the full-time teaching staff
members in the service of the institution
"Institutions" means the
colleges/departments/schools of architecture in
India imparting instructions for recognized
qualifications
"Recognised qualifications" means any qualification
in architecture for the time being included in the
Schedule or notified under section 15 of Act
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ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION 1983 CONTENTS
Duration and Stages of the Course
Admission to the Architecture Course
Intake and Migration
Courses and periods of Studies
Professional examination, Standards of
proficiency and conditions of admissions,
qualification of examiners
Standards of staff, equipment,
accommodation, training and other facilities
for technical education
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STANDARDS OF STAFF, EQUIPMENT, ACCOMMODATION, TRAINING & OTHER
FACILITIES FOR TECHNICAL EDUCATION
The institutions shall maintain a teacher/student ratio of1:8
The institutions shall have a minimum number of 12 faculty
members for a student strength of 100
The institution with the maximum intake of 40 in a class
may have the faculty pattern as prescribed in Appendix-B
The institutions shall encourage the faculty members to
involve in professional practice including research
The institutions shall provide facilities as indicated in
Appendix-C
The institutions shall encourage exchange of faculty
members for academic programmes
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APPENDIX C INFRASTRUCTURE
Physical Facilities:
The Institution of Architecture should be located in a building to
have a floor area of about 15 sq.m. per student
The building should include class rooms and at least 5 studios,
adequate space for faculty members, library, workshop,
materials museum, laboratories, exhibition/conference room,
office accommodation and common area for students and staff
The space requirements per student for architectural
education whether in the Institution or in the Hostel are apt
to be more than for most other types of professional courses
like engineering and medicine because of the large space
required for preparation of drawings
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This
factor should be borne in mind in the design of
Hostels and Studios
Facilitiesmay also be provided for extra-
curricular activities and sports
The equipment in the workshop/laboratories has
also to be provided to meet with the special
requirement for architectural education
It is desirable to provide locker facilities in the
studios for students
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The Library, Workshops, Laboratories and Photography
unit should be managed by professionally qualified
staff with adequate supporting staff to assist the
students and faculty members in their academic
programmes
There should also be administrative supporting staff to
run the Architectural Institutions
It is desirable to provide hostel accommodation and
residential accommodation for staff and students in
close proximity of the institution
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ARCHITECTS (PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT)
REGULATIONS 1989
In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section
(1) ,sub-section (2) of Section 45 of the Architects
Act, 1972, the Council of Architecture, with the
approval of the Central Government, hereby makes
the following regulations to promote the standard of
professional conduct/ self-discipline required of an
Architect
These regulations may be called with Architects
(Professional Conduct) Regulations, 1989
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ARCHITECTS (PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT) REGULATIONS 1989
Every architect, either in practice or employment, subject to
the provisions of the Central Civil Services(Conduct) Rules,
1964 or any other similar rules applicable to an Architect, he
shall
Ensure that his professional activities do not conflict with his
general responsibility to contribute to the quality of the

environment and future welfare of society
Apply his skill to the creative, responsible and economic
development of his country

Provide professional services of a high standard, to the best
of his ability
If in private practice, inform his Client of the conditions of
engagement and scale of charges and agree that these

conditions shall be the basis of the appointment
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RULES APPLICABLE TO AN ARCHITECT
Not sub-commission to another Architect or Architects
the work for which he has been commissioned without
prior agreement of his Client,
Not give or take discounts, commissions, gifts or other
inducements for the introduction of Clients or of work,
Act with fairness and impartiality when administering a
building contract,
Maintain a high standard of integrity,
Promote the advancement of Architecture, standards of
Architectural education, research, training and
practice
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Conduct himself in a manner which is not derogatory to his
professional character, nor likely to lessen the confidence of
the public in the profession, nor bring Architects into
disrepute,
Compete fairly with other Architects,
observe and uphold the Council's conditions of
engagement and scale of charges,
Not supplant or attempt to supplant another Architect,
Not prepare designs in competition with other Architects
for a Client without payment or for a reduced fee
(except in a competition conducted in accordance with
the Architectural competition guidelines approved by
the Council), ETC
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Nothave or take as partner in his firm any
person who is disqualified for registration by
reason of the fact that his name has been
removed form the Register under Section 29 or
30 of the Architects Act, 1972
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COUNCIL OF ARCHITECTURE
Background of the Bill based on few important
offenses:
Post 2000, disturbing trends started being noticed in the
functioning of COA
Encroachments upon the functions of AICTE and upon
the areas of other bodies/authorities
Exceeding of its powers and belittling the roles of
Centre and State
Complaint by IIA and increasing number of court cases
that have been quoted to support the amendment
Undue interference in arch education beyond its
mandate
NATA, NIASA training programs, non auditing of accounts
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The Council of Architecture (CoA), which
regulates architectural colleges in the
country, is learnt to be next on the
government's radar. The HRD Ministry has
readied a slew of amendments to the CoA Act
1972, recommending greater governmental
control, provisions for removal of council
members, more government representation
to clip its wings. The move comes after 28
architects, led by Charles Correa,
complained about the functioning of the CoA.
(Indian Express, Mon, 26 Apr 2010, 0055 Hrs)
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IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS IN PP COAs GUIDELINES
Rushworth Kidder the science of the ideal human
character or the science of moral duty
Richard William Paul & Linda Elder a set of
concepts and principles that guide us in determining
what behavior helps or harms sentient creatures
MORALITY or MORAL PRINCIPLES
How ethics play an important role in our daily lives??
How ethical you have been so far or want to be???
How ethics play a greater role in your profession???
What COA says about it???
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Professional Ethics helps a professional to choose
what to do when faced with a problem at work
that raises a moral issue
Professional Ethics encompass personal,
organizational and corporate standards of
behavior expected of professionals
Professionals are to be capable of making
judgments, applying their skills and reaching
informed decisions in situations that the
general public cannot, because they have not
received the relevant training
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Hippocratic Oath Heard of it????
I swear by Apollo, the healer, Asclepius, Hygieia, and Panacea, and I take to witness all the
gods, all the goddesses, to keep according to my ability and my judgment, the following
Oath and agreement:
To consider dear to me, as my parents, him who taught me this art; to live in common
with him and, if necessary, to share my goods with him; To look upon his children as my
own brothers, to teach them this art; and that by my teaching, I will impart a knowledge
of this art to my own sons, and to my teacher's sons, and to disciples bound by an
indenture and oath according to the medical laws, and no others.
I will prescribe regimens for the good of my patients according to my ability and my
judgment and never do harm to anyone.
I will give no deadly medicine to any one if asked, nor suggest any such counsel; and
similarly I will not give a woman a necessary to cause an abortion
But I will preserve the purity of my life and my arts.
I will not cut for stone, even for patients in whom the disease is manifest; I will leave this
operation to be performed by practitioners, specialists in this art.
In every house where I come I will enter only for the good of my patients, keeping myself
far from all intentional ill-doing and all seduction and especially from the pleasures of
love with women or men, be they free or slaves.
All that may come to my knowledge in the exercise of my profession or in daily commerce
with men, which ought not to be spread abroad, I will keep secret and will never reveal.
If I keep this oath faithfully, may I enjoy my life and practice my art, respected by all
humanity and in all times; but if I swerve from it or violate it, may the reverse be my life.
OF CONDUCT
An architects main obligations to meet up to the
professional ethics:
Ensuring the public that they meet the required standards
Making informed and unbiased professional assessments
Serving the community, employers, colleagues and clients
Developing their professional knowledge and skills, in all
areas relevant to their practice
Raising the standards of excellence in all relevant areas of
architecture
Contributing to the competence of building industries
Having sufficient qualified and supervisory staff in their
practice
Architects should not modify their fee proposal by taking
into account other architects fee for a service
OF CONDUCT
Dedicated to the highest standards of
professionalism, integrity and competency
Special cases in terms of fees Not unethical
Submitting, at any time, competitive bids or price
quotes, including in circumstances where price is the
sole or principal consideration in the selection of an
architect
Providing discounts
Providing free services
OF CONDUCT
KNOWLEDGE & SKILL: Members should strive to
improve their professional knowledge and skill
In practising architecture, members shall demonstrate a
consistent pattern of reasonable care and competence and
shall apply the technical knowledge and skill which is
ordinarily applied by architects of good standing practicing in
the same locality
STANDARDS OF EXCELLENCE: Members should
continually seek to raise the standards of aesthetic
excellence, architectural education, research,
training and practice
NATURAL & CULTURAL HERITAGE: Members should
respect and help conserve their natural and cultural
heritage while striving to improve the environment
and the quality of life within it
OF CONDUCT
HUMAN RIGHTS: Members should uphold human rights
in all their professional endeavours
Members shall not discriminate in their professional
activities on the basis of race, religion, gender, national
origin, age, disability or sexual orientation
CONDUCT: Members should uphold the law in the
conduct of their professional activities
Members shall not, in the conduct of their professional
practice, knowingly violate the law
Members shall neither offer nor make any payment or gift to
public officials with the intent of influencing the officials
judgment in connection with an existing or prospective
project in which members are interested
Members serving in public capacity shall not accept
payments or gifts which are intended to influence judgment
OF CONDUCT
CONDUCT: Members should uphold the law in the conduct
of their professional activities
Members shall not engage in conduct involving fraud or disregard
of right of the others
Members shall not counsel or assist a client in conduct that the
architect knows or reasonably should know, is fraudulent or
illegal
PUBLIC INTEREST SERVICES: Members should render public
interest professional services, including pro-bono services
and encourage their employees to render such services
CIVIC RESPONSIBILITY: Members should be involved in civic
activities as citizens and professionals and should strive to
improve public appreciation and understanding of
architecture and the functions and responsibilities of
architects
OF CONDUCT
COMPETENCE: Members should serve their clients in a
timely and competent manner
In performing professional services, Members shall take into
account applicable laws and regulations. Members may rely
on the advice of other qualified persons as to the intent and
meaning of such regulations
Members shall undertake to perform professional services
only when they, together with those whom they may engage
as consultants, are qualified by education, training, or
experience in the specific technical areas involved
Members shall not materially alter the scope or objectives of
a project without the clients consent
OF CONDUCT
CONFLICT OF INTEREST: Members should avoid
conflicts of interest in their professional practices and
fully disclose all unavoidable conflicts as they arise
A member shall not render professional services if the
members professional judgment could be affected by
responsibilities to another project or person, or by the
members own interests, unless all those who rely on the
members judgment consent after full disclosure
When acting by agreement of the parties as the independent
interpreter of the building contract documents and the
judge of contract performance, members shall render
impartial decisions
Members shall not intentionally or recklessly mislead existing
or prospective clients
OF CONDUCT
CONFIDENTIALITY: Members should safeguard the
trust placed in them by their clients
Members shall not knowingly disclose the information that
would adversely affect their clients or that they have been
asked to maintain in confidence, except as otherwise
allowed or required by code or law
HONESTY & FAIRNESS: Members should pursue their
professional activities with honesty and fairness
Members shall not sign or seal drawings, specs, reports or
other professional work for which they do not have
responsible control
Members speaking in their professional capacity shall not
knowingly make false statements of material fact
OF CONDUCT
DIGNITY& INTEGRITY: Members should strive to
promote the dignity and integrity of the profession
and to ensure that their representatives and
employees conform to the code of ethics
Members shall not make misleading, deceptive or false
statements or claims about their professional qualifications,
experience or performance and shall accurately state the
scope and nature of their responsibilities in connection with
the work for which they are claiming credit
Members shall make reasonable effort to ensure that those
over whom they have supervisory authority conform to the
code of ethics
OF CONDUCT
Members should provide their associates and
employees with a suitable working environment,
compensate them fairly and facilitate their
professional development
Members should recognize and fulfill their obligation
to nurture fellow professionals as they progress
through all stages of their career beginning with
professional education through internship and
continuing throughout their career
Members should build their professional reputation on
the merits of their own service and performance and
should recognize and give credit to others for the
professional work they have performed
OF CONDUCT
In performing design work, members shall be
environmentally responsible and advocate sustainable
building and site design
In performing professional services, members should
advocate the design, construction and operation of
sustainable buildings and communities
Members should adopt sustainable practices within
their firms and professional organizations and they
should encourage the clients to do the same
OF CONDUCT
PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY max 3 years
When is he not liable???
The building is used for purposes other than for which it has been designed.
Illegal or unauthorized changes / alterations / renovations / modifications have
been carried out by the Owners/Occupants without the consent or approval of
the Architect.
Changes/alterations/renovations/modifications to the building have been carried
out by consulting another Architect without the knowledge and consent of the
erstwhile Architect, or without obtaining No Objection Certificate from him.
The safety norms have been compromised by the Owner/Occupant.
There is distress due to leaking from the terrace, toilets, and water logging
within the vicinity of the building which can affect the strength and stability of
the building.
There is a lack of periodical or inadequate maintenance by the Owner/Occupant.
The damage is caused due to any reasons arising out of the deficient services
rendered by the Specialized Consultants with regard to the design and
supervision of the work entrusted to them, who were appointed in consultation
with the Client.
The damages caused to the building are for reasons beyond the control of the
Architect.
OF CONDUCT
CODE OF CONDUCT AS PRESRIBED BY COA
Architects (Professional Conduct) Regulations 1989,
May 11, 1989, New Delhi
(1) Every architect, either in practice or employment,
subject to the provisions of the Central Civil Services
(Conduct) Rules, 1964, or any other similar rules
applicable to an architect, he shall:
Ensure that his professional activities do not conflict
with his general responsibility to contribute to the
quality of the environment and future welfare of society
Apply his skill to the creative, responsible and economic
development of his country
Provide professional services of a high standard, to the
best of his ability
OF CONDUCT
Conduct (Contd.)
If in private practice, inform his Client of the
conditions of engagement and scale of charges and
agree that these conditions shall be the basis of the
appointment
Not sub-commission to another Architect or Architects
the work for which he has been commissioned without
prior agreement of his Client
Not give or take discounts, commissions, gifts or other
inducements for the introduction of Clients or of work
Act with fairness and impartiality when administering
a building contract
OF CONDUCT
Conduct (Contd.)
Maintain a high standard of integrity
Promote the advancement of Architecture, standards of
Architectural education, research, training and practice
Conduct himself in a manner which is not derogatory to
his professional character, nor likely to lessen the
confidence of the public in the profession, nor bring
Architects into disrepute
Compete fairly with other Architects
Observe and uphold the Council's conditions of
engagement and scale of charges
Not supplant or attempt to supplant another Architect
OF CONDUCT
Conduct (Contd.)
Not prepare designs in competition with other Architects for a Client
without payment or for a reduced fee (except in a competition conducted
in accordance with the Architectural competition guidelines approved by
the Council)
Not attempt to obtain, offer to undertake or accept a commission for
which he knows another Architect has been selected or employed until he
has evidence that the selection, employment or agreement has been
terminated and he has given the previous Architect written notice that he
is so doing :
provided that in the preliminary stages of works, the Client may consult,
in order to select the Architect, as many Architects as he wants, provided
he makes payment of charges to each of the Architects so consulted
Comply with Council's guidelines for Architectural competitions and inform
the Council of his appointment as assessor for an Architectural
competition
When working in other countries, observe the requirements of codes of
conduct applicable to the place where he is working
OF CONDUCT
Conduct (Contd.)
Not have or take as partner in his firm any person who is disqualified
for registration by reason of the fact that his name has been removed
form the Register under Section 29 or 30 of the Architects Act, 1972
Provide their employees with suitable working environment,
compensate them fairly and facilitate their professional development
Recognize and respect the professional contribution of his employees
Provide their associates with suitable working environment,
compensate them fairly and facilitate their professional development
Recognize and respect the professional contribution of his associates
Recognize and respect the professional contribution of the consultants
Enter into agreement with them defining their scope of work,
responsibilities, functions, fees and mode of payment
OF CONDUCT
Conduct (Contd.)
Shall not advertise his professional services nor shall he allow his
name to be included in advertisement or to be used for publicity
purposes save the following exceptions :-
(a) A notice of change of address may be published on three
occasions an correspondents may be informed by post
(b) An Architect may exhibit his name outside his office and on a
building, either under construction or completed, for which he is
or was an Architect, provided the lettering does not exceed 10
cm. in height
(c) Advertisements including the name and address of an
Architect may be published in connection with calling of tenders,
staff requirements and similar matters
(d) May allow his name to be associated with illustrations and
descriptions of his work in the press or other public media but he
shall not give or accept any consideration for such appearances
OF CONDUCT
Conduct (Contd.)
Shall not advertise his professional services nor shall he allow his name to be
included in advertisement or to be used for publicity purposes save the following
exceptions :-
(e) May allow his name to appear in advertisements inserted in the press by
suppliers or manufacturers of materials used in a building he has designed,
provided his name is included in an unostentatious manner and he does not accept
any consideration for its use
(f) May allow his name to appear in brochure prepared by Clients for the purpose
of advertising or promoting projects for which he has been commissioned
(g) May produce or publish brochures, pamphlets describing his experience and
capabilities for distribution to those potential Clients whom he can identify by
name and position
**(h) May allow his name to appear in the classified columns of the trade /
professional directory and/or telephone directory/ website
**(2) In a partnership firm of architects, every partner shall ensure that
such partnership firm complies with the provisions of the sub-regulation (1)
(3) Violation of any of the provisions of sub-regulation (1) shall constitute
a professional mis-conduct
OF CONDUCT
PUNITIVE ACTION FOR MISCONDUCT
Anymatter regarding professional negligence
and/or deficient service provided by an
architect, shall be referred to the COA, to
adjudicate whether the architect is guilty of
professional misconduct
OF CONDUCT
Negligence of an Architect means the failure to take
reasonable degree of care while rendering services
An Architect is required to observe and uphold the
Councils Conditions of Engagement and Scale of Charges
while rendering architectural services
The failure to provide any service that is necessary for
the discharge of his duties and functions for the project
for which he has been engaged, amounts to deficient
service
OF CONDUCT
Procedure for making a complaint
COMPLAINTSHALL BE MADE TO THE COA IN
COMPLAINT FORM NO: XIV
Each complaint shall contain the acts and omissions,
which, if approved, would render the architect guilty
of any professional or other misconduct; and the oral
or documentary evidence in support of the allegations
made in the complaint
INCOMPLETE FORM WILL BE RETURNED
If the complaint does not contain the aforesaid
particulars, the Secretary of the Council shall return
the complaint to the Complainant
OF CONDUCT
OF CONDUCT
COPYOF COMPLAINT WILL BE SENT TO THE
ACCUSED ARCHITECT
If the complaint is against an individual Architect, the
Secretary shall send a copy to the Architect at his
address as entered in the COA Register, within sixty
days of the receipt of the complaint
If the complaint is against a firm, he shall send a copy
of the complaint to the firm concerned at the address
of the head office of the firm with a notice calling upon
the firm to disclose the name of the Architect
concerned and to send a copy of the complaint to the
concerned Architect
OF CONDUCT
NOTICE WILL BE SENT TO THE ACCUSED ARCHITECT
Every notice issued by the Secretary or the Disciplinary
Committee under this rule shall be sent to the Architect or
the firm concerned by registered post with
acknowledgment due
ARCHITECT SHOULD GIVE A WRITTEN STATEMENT IN
DEFENSE
An Architect against whom a complaint is made, may,
within fourteen days of the receipt of a copy of the
complaint, or within such further time as the Secretary may
allot, forward to him a written statement in his defence
verified in the same manner as a pleading in Civil Court
OF CONDUCT
COMPLAINT WILL BE DISMISSED
If on perusal of the complaint and the written statement
of the concerned Architect, and other relevant
documents and papers, the Council is of the opinion that
there is no prima facie case against the Architect, the
complaint shall be dismissed and the complainant and
the Architect shall be informed accordingly
However, before dismissing the complaint, the Council
may call for any additional particulars or documents
connected with the case, either from the complainant or
from the respondent, or from both, if in its opinion it is
necessary
OF CONDUCT
ENQUIRY SHALL BE MADE
If on perusal of the complaint, the Council is of the
opinion that there is a prima facie case against the
Architect, the Council shall cause an enquiry to be
made in the matter by the Disciplinary Committee
OF CONDUCT
Who investigates the complaint???
DISCIPLINARY COMMITTEE
All complaints against architects shall be investigated
by a Disciplinary Committee (DC) consisting of three
members
One of the Chief Architects of CPWD/MES/RLY
One of the two nominees of AICTE
One of the rest
Chairman of the DC shall be elected by the members
of that committee among themselves
OF CONDUCT
ANY CHANGE IN DISCIPLINARY COMMITTEE
If during the progress of an inquiry the Disciplinary
Committee undergoes a change of personnel for any
reason whatsoever, the respondent shall have an
option to have his case heard de novo and the enquiry
conducted accordingly
FACTS SHALL BE PLACED BEFORE THE DC
The Secretary of the Council shall place before the
Disciplinary Committee all facts brought to his
knowledge which are relevant for the purpose of an
inquiry by the Disciplinary Committee
OF CONDUCT
ARCHITECTS RIGHT TO DEFEND
An Architect against whom a complaint is made shall have a
right to defend himself before the Disciplinary Committee
either in person or through a legal practitioner or any other
Architect of the Institute
DC SUBMITS REPORT
The Disciplinary Committee shall submit its report to the
Council after studying all the aspects of the case
COUNCIL WILL CONSIDER THE REPORT
And if necessary, a further inquiry shall be made and a further
report shall be submitted by the Disciplinary Committee, and
after considering such report the Council shall proceed
accordingly
OF CONDUCT
Ifthe Architect is found guilty of Professional
Misconduct, he is liable for disciplinary action by
the Council of Architecture under section 30 of
the Architects Act,1972
The disciplinary action taken by the Council of
Architecture against the Architect who has been
found guilty of Professional Misconduct, does not
absolve him of his liabilities under the Code of
Civil Procedure, 1908 and the Code of Criminal
Procedure, 1973, if any
OF CONDUCT
TheCouncil hears the guilty architect in
person and thereafter may: (appx in 180
days)
Reprimand the architect or
Suspend him from practice or
Remove his name from the register or
Pass any other order as it may think fit

Unit 2 - Professional Ethics & Code of Conduct

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Unit 2 - Professional Ethics & Code of Conduct

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"Council" means the Council of Architecture constituted under Section 3;

"Indian Institute of Architects" means the Indian Institute of Architects

Recognized Qualification" means any qualification in architecture for

Register" means the register of architects maintained under section 23;

Regulation" means a regulation made under this Act by the Council;

or the proficiency required from the candidates at any

other facilities for staff and training provided in such

Government shall forward it along with such remarks as it

address of the architect

obtained that qualification and the authority which conferred it

His professional address and such further particulars as may be

PART 2 (C.O.A. Meetings)

PART 4 (Executive Committee)

PART 5 (Committees of Council)

PART 6 (Registrar and Employees of the Council)

PART 7 (Finances, Accounts and Audit)

PART 8 (Inspection of Educational Institutions of

Chapter 4 (Election of President & VP of the Council)

Chapter 5 (Election of members of the Executive

Chapter 7 (Complaints & enquiries related to

professional misconduct of an architect)

general responsibility to contribute to the quality of the

development of his country

engagement and scale of charges and agree that these

Remove his name from the register or

Pass any other order as it may think fit

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