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E-Commerce
New Markets. The Internet has the potential to expand your business into
wider geographical locations
Role of E-Commerce
Server side
Internet Database
Intranet
Firewall
(Secure)
Advantages to Organizations
Advantages to Consumers
Advantages to Society
Advantages to Organizations
And selling to . . .
Business
B2B
B2B C2B
C2B
Consumers
B2C
B2C P2P
P2P
E-commerce categories
Business
supplies from paper
supplies from paper
companies
companies Consumers
Consumers aggregate
aggregate to
to
bulk
bulk purchasefrom
purchase fromAmazon
Amazon
Amazon
Amazon orders
orders from
from
Consumers publishers
publishers
Consumers
Consumersbuy buythousands
thousands
of Consumers resell
of Harry Potter books from
Harry Potter books from copies on eBay
Amazon
Amazon
Database
Website(with all details)
Cookies
SSL(secure sockets layer)
Secure Certificate
Electronic payment system.
Merchant Account
Payment Gateway
Example of Electronic Commerce
B2C: www.amazon.com
C2C: www.eBay.com
B2B: www.tpn.com
C2B: www.priceline.com
Measuring Benefits
You can define a product with variations, for example, the same
shirt can have different colors. These are called a product
variants.
You can also create catalogs that display on your Web site in
different languages and different currencies.
You can link two products together, so that when one is viewed,
the other appears somewhere on your Web site page as an
alternate suggestion..
Catalog
Catalog
For example, if you have a large catalog, you can create a parent
category that includes several other categories, known as child
categories.
When customers navigate to the parent category, the child
categories appear; enabling customers to navigate quickly to the
category that contains the products they want.
For example, you could define an "alternate" relationship so that
when one product is viewed, another appears somewhere on
your Web site page as an alternate suggestion.
Merchant account
Every product that reaches an end user represents the cumulative effort of
multiple organizations. These organizations are referred to collectively as
the supply chain.
The entire chain of activities that ultimately delivered products to the final
customer. The result was disjointed and often ineffective supply chains.
Supply chain management, then, is the active management of
supply chain activities to maximize customer value and achieve a
sustainable competitive advantage. Supply chain activities cover
everything from product development, sourcing, production, and logistics,
as well as the information systems needed to coordinate these activities.
They are the most visible piece of the supply chain. But just as important
are information flows. Information flows allow the various supply chain
partners to coordinate their long-term plans, and to control the day-to-day
flow of goods and material up and down the supply chain.
What is Supply Chain Management?
If you have ever checked out a newspaper advertisement, driven to the
store, and purchased your favorite product at a ridiculously low price,
then you can thank supply chain managers for a job well done! Supply
chain management (SCM) is all the activities that take place to get a
product in your hands from the time of raw materials extraction to the
minute you pull out your credit card and take the final product home.
SCM focuses on planning and forecasting, purchasing, product
assembly, moving, storing, and keeping track of a product as it
flows toward you and other consumers.
Supply chains include all of the companies that participate in the design,
assembly, and delivery of products for buyers like you. Retailers,
manufacturers, transportation companies, and distributors are some of
the key players.
Enterprise resource planning
(ERP)
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a business management
softwareusually a suite of integrated applicationsthat a company
can use to collect, store, manage and interpret data from many
business activities, including:-
Product planning, cost and development
Manufacturing or service delivery
Marketing and sales
Inventory management
Shipping and payment
ERP provides an integrated view of core business processes, often in
real-time, using common databases maintained by a database
management system
ERP software is considered an enterprise application as it is
designed to be used by larger businesses and often requires
dedicated teams to customize and analyze the data and to
handle upgrades and deployment.
So Generally there are lot of ERP package vendors in the
market like,SAP,Oracle,BANN,JD Edwards,SIEBEl etc.Each
vendor is specialized in one or many resources.SAP comes
under ERP Package which gives business solutions to a
business setup in all areas like Finance,Sales,Costing and
materials etc.
SAP
All ERP vendor Like SAP oracle have also announced Web Ec
strategies and products like.
Peachtree software: complete package for web front and
managing order.
SBT corp Web trader is another c2b web ec package work in LAN
Great plain software:
a: Dynamic merchant for c2b, dynamic order for b2b
the fact that newspapers, television, radio, and the internet are
becoming less separate as technology develops: Media convergence
means that we can now watch a newspaper's video report on our
cellphone via the internet.
Four types of convergence:
What is a "tier"?
A "tier" can also be referred to as a "layer".
n the software world Tiers/Layers should have some or all of the
following characteristics:
Each tier/layer should be able to be constructed separately,
possibly by different teams of people with different skills.
Several tiers/layers should be able to be joined together to make
a whole "something".
Each tier/layer should contribute something different to the
whole. A chocolate layer cake, for example, has layers of
chocolate and cake.
There must also be some sort of boundary between one tier and
another. You cannot take a single piece of cake, chop it up into
smaller units and call that a layer cake because each unit is
indistinguishable from the other units.
Each tier/layer should not be able to operate independently
without interaction with other tiers/layers.
Presentation logic - the user interface (UI) which displays data to the user and
accepts input from the user. In a web application this is the part which
receives the HTTP request and returns the HTML response.
Business logic - handles data validation, business rules and task-specific
behaviour.
Data Access logic - communicates with the database by constructing SQL
queries and executing them via the relevant API.
Three tier ecommerce
architecture
E-commerce Framework
1:- Infrastructure,
2:- Services, and
3:- Products and structures
and
seven functional levels
This model clearly builds upon the work undertaken by
the developers of the various layered network protocols
or architectures, which have been developed to explain the
inter-connection of telecommunications networking, such as the
OSI Reference Model.
which use a similar layering approach, where each layer has a
clearly defined area of functionality.
This separation of tasks means that a change at one layer does
not normally affect the other layers, with significant positive
implications for software developers.
The 3-Tier Architecture
This is where the code for each area of responsibility can be cleanly split away from the others
Note here that the presentation layer has no direct communication with the
data access layer - it can only talk to the business layer.
Requests and Responses in the 3
Tier Architecture
The Rules of the 3 Tier Architecture
The code for each layer must be contained with separate files
which can be maintained separately.
Each layer may only contain code which belongs in that layer.
Thus business logic can only reside in the Business layer,
presentation logic in the Presentation layer, and data access logic
in the Data Access layer.
The Presentation layer can only receive requests from, and return
responses to, an outside agent. This is usually a person, but may
be another piece of software.
The Presentation layer can only send requests to, and receive
responses from, the Business layer. It cannot have direct access
to either the database or the Data Access layer.
The Business layer can only receive requests from, and return
response to, the Presentation layer.
The Business layer can only send requests to, and receive
responses from, the Data Access layer. It cannot access the
database directly.
The Data Access layer can only receive requests from, and return
responses to, the Business layer. It cannot issue requests to
anything other than the DBMS which it supports.
Disadvantage of this approach