Temperature

Is a quantitative measure of hot and cold

Phases of matter
Solid-molecules are bound to one another
Liquid-molecules are freer to move
Gas-molecules are much farther apart than in
either solids or liquids
Temperature Scales
0
F9
5 C 32
0

0
C 5 F 32
0 0
9

K C 273
0
Thermal Expansion
The quantitative expression for the amount of
linear expansion in an object

L LT
L=Change in length
T=change in temperature
L=length of an object
=thermal expansion
Density
Mass per unit volume

mV
1 g 10
3 kg
3 3
cm m
Heat-defined as energy that flows as
a result of temperature differences
Cause of temperature change
Specific heat-amount of heat needed to cause
a temperature change depends on mass of
the object

Q smT
Latent heat-amount of heat needed
to cause phase change of matter
Heat of fusion-amount of heat needed to
remove or added to change solid to liquid and
vv.
Q mh f

Heat of vaporization-amount of heat needed

to add or remove to change liquid to vapor
andQvv mh
v
 at
20 degrees
Material (1/0C)
Solids
Aluminum 19 x 10-6
Brass 19 x 10-6
Iron or Steel 14 x 10-6
Concrete,Brick 12 x 10-6
Lead 29 x 10-6
Liquids
Ether 550 x 10-6
Ethyl alcohol 370 x 10-6
Gasoline 320 x 10-6
Mercury 60 x 10-6
Water 70 x 10-6
Gases
Air 1100 x 10-6
 Densities of Various Substances
Substances (g/cm3=103
kg/m3 )
Aluminum 2.70
Iron, steel 7.8
Lead 11.3
Concrete 2.3
Wood 0.3-0.9
Ice 0C 0.917
Bone 1.7
Water 0C 1
Blood, Plasma 1.03
Blood, Whole 1.05
Olive oil 0.92
Seawater 1.025
Air 1.29 x 10-3
Carbon Dioxide 1.98 x 10-3
Substances (g/cm3=103
kg/m3 )
Carbon monoxide 1.25 x 10-3
Hydrogen 0.090 x 10-3
Helium 0.18 x 10-3
Methane 0.71 x 10-3
Nitrogen 1.25 x 10-3
Nitrous oxide 1.98 x 10-3
Oxygen 1.43 x 10-3
Water 1000C 0.60 x 10-3
 Specific Heats of Various
Substances at 20 degrees Celsius
Substance s(cal/g 0C, kcal/kg 0C)
Aluminum 0.217
Copper 0.092
Iron or Steel 0.11
Lead 0.030
Silver 0.056
Glass 0.20
Ice (-5 0C) 0.5
Wood 0.4
Human Body (average) 0.83
Protein 0.4
Ethyl Alcohol 0.58
Glycerin 0.6
Substance s(cal/g 0C, kcal/kg 0C)
Mercury 0.033
Water (15 0C) 1.000
Air 0.25
Carbon dioxide 0.199
Helium 1.24
Nitrogen 0.248
Oxygen 0.218
Water (100 0C) 0.482
Latent Heats of Various
Substances
Substanc Melting Pt. Hf (cal/g, Boiling Pt. Hv (cal/g,
e
0
C kcal/kg) 0
C kcal/kg)
Oxygen -218.8 3.3 -183 51
Ethyl -114 25 78 204
alcohol
Ammonia -75 108 -33 327
Mercury -39 2.8 357 70
Water 0 80 100 540
Lead 327 5.9 1750 208
Aluminum 660 90 2450 2720
Silver 960 21 2193 558
Copper 1083 32 2300 1211
Uranium 1133 20 3900 454
Tungsten 3410 44 5900 1150