BEHAVIOURAL STUDY ON PAVER BLOCK

UTILISING RED MUD AS A PARTIAL

REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Guide Name: Mrs. Kiruthika M.E.,
Batch Members Name:
Ranjeeth Kumar.S - 1316182
Saidhanya Kumar.M - 1316183
Shakabdhin.K - 1316194
Surya Prakash.P - 1316203
 AIM

To increase the compressive strength of paver blocks utilizing red

mud as a partial replacement of cement.
 OBJECTIVE

To develop Red mud as a partial replacement of cement on concrete

by replacing 0 - 30 percent of the weight of cement by Red mud.
To study the effect on workability and strength properties of concrete
mix with varying percentage of cement replacement by Red mud.
To find out optimum percentage of cement replacement by Red mud
for which the concrete yields superior mechanical properties.
 SITE VISIT

We obtained the basic knowledge of complete manufacturing of

paver blocks practically by visiting the site THE CHENNAI Paver ,a
company which produce building materials.
 COLLECTION OF MATERIALS

RED MUD:
Red mud is a side product of the Bayer process, the principal means
of refining bauxite en route to alumina.
Red mud is the ultimate material of this project.
Other common materials:
8mm coarse aggregate,
Fine aggregate,
Cement (OPC).
 TESTS ON MATERIAL

Specific gravity of coarse aggregate test = 2.63

Specific gravity of fine aggregate test = 2.36
Specific gravity of red mud test = 2.70
Fineness test on coarse aggregate = 2.68
Fineness test on fine aggregate = 2.44
 JOURNAL 1
SL:NO DETAILS

1 Author Name Mr.Achal garg and Mr.Harinder

2 Journal Title Study of Red mud as an alternative

building material for interlocking block
manufacturing in construction industry
3 Journal Name International journal of material science
and engineering.

4 Issue No. 2320-334X

5 Volume No.

6 Page No
 Study of red mud as an alternative building material for
interlocking block manufacturing in construction
industry
Red mud is an solid product of Bayers process
The direction of the researches undertaken to utilise Red mud are based
on the chemical, mineralogical and physical properties.
This is effective way of utilising alumina Red mud to make bricks
The attention is to develop an extensive Red mud utilization policy frame
work for building material industry to Reduce the cost of material and to
preserve our environment
 JOURNAL 2
SL:NO DETAILS

1 Author Name Mr.Lateef onundi and

Mr.Chukwudi onyeakpa

2 Journal Title Improvement on the design and

construction of interlocking block and its
moulding machine

3 Journal Name IOSR Journal of mechanical and civil

engineering

4 Issue No. 2278-1684

5 Volume No. 11

6 Page No 49 - 66
 Improvement on the design and construction of
interlocking block and its moulding machine
Is an innovative structural component for mason`ery building
construction.
This brings about economical production, Reduced cost of labour and
appreciation of available local materials
It can be used for both temporary and permanent structures
The assembling does not require much skill, and more so, faster,
efficiency
Interlocking block can be produced mechanically or manually using
moulding machine.
 JOURNAL 3
SL:NO DETAILS

1 Author Name Mr.Ramesh and Mr.Nagesh

2 Journal Title Evaluation of the properties of Red mud

concrete.

3 Journal Name IOSR Journal of mechanical and civil

engineering.

4 Issue No. 2278-1684

5 Volume No. NIL

6 Page No 31 - 34
 Evaluation of the properties of Red mud concrete

This study examines effects of Red mud on the properties of

hardened concrete.
Compressive strength and tensile strength decreases with increase
Red mud content.
 JOURNAL 4
SL:NO DETAILS

1 Author Name Mr.R.R.Rathod and Mr.PM.Kulkarni.

2 Journal Title Suitability of Red mud as an admixture in

concrete.

3 Journal Name International journal of modern trends in

engineering and research

4 Issue No.

5 Volume No.

6 Page No
 Suitability of Red mud
as an admixture in concrete.

Red mud is an waste material generated by the bayer process.

Evaluating its compressive strength and flexural strength of Red
mud
In this method cement was replaced by
0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,30% RM by weight of cement by
balancing its chemical composition.
 TESTS ON FINE AGGREGATE

Specific gravity
Fineness
 TESTS ON COARSE AGGREGATE

Specific gravity
Fineness
 TESTS ON RED MUD
Specific gravity

Calculation of Area and Volume of mould.

Side of mould = 13cm.

Depth of mould = 5.5cm.
Area of Hexagon mould = (3*1.732*a2 ) / 2
Area = 0.0468m2
Volume = Area * Height.
Volume = 0.234m3 .
 Preparation of Paver blocks

Preparation of Paver blocks with Red mud replacement of

5,10,15,20,25,30% to cement.
 TEST ON PAVER BLOCK After one day.
Water absorption test.
Weight before Curing Weight after Curing
0% - 5.680kg 0% - 6.050kg
5% - 5.610kg 5% - 5.970kg
10% - 5.560kg 10% - 5.960kg
15% - 5.480kg 15% - 5.900kg
20% - 5.410kg 20% - 5.750kg
25% - 5.350kg 25% - 5.600kg
30% - 5.490kg 30% - 5.780kg
 References

Charles, M.O.N.,(2008) Soil Mechanics Note Book, Civil

Engineering Department, University of Maiduguri, Unpublished,
Nigeria
Ramesh R. Rathod, P M Kulkarni.,(2-4july,2015) Suitability of red
mud as an admixture in concrete,Department of Civil Engineering,
Trinity academy of Engineering,Pune.