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Seminar on

THERMAL POWER GENERATION


(at Bandel Thermal Power Station)

Presented by,

Santanu Mukherjee
Roll No. 11601612035

Department of Electrical Engineering


MCKV Institute of Engineering
243 G.T Road (N), Liluah
Howrah- 711204
Academic session: 2012-2016

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Typical diagram of a coal-fired thermal power
station

1. Cooling tower 6. L.P turbine 11. H.P turbine 16. Coal pulverizer
21. Re-heater
2. Cooling water pump 7. Condensate pump 12. De-aerator 17. Boiler steam drum 22.
Combustion
3. Transmission line 8. Surface condenser 13. Feed water heater 18. Bottom ash
23. Economizer
4. Transformer 9. I.P turbine 14. Coal conveyor 19. Super-heater
24. Air pre-heater
5. Generator 10. steam control valve 15. Coal hopper 20. Forced draught
25. Precipitator
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Water
circuit of
thermal
power
plant

Ranki
ne
Cycle

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Coal Handling Plant

Wagon Tippler

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Coal Mill

This is actually a
ball mill where coal
is pulverised, and
then blown into the
furnace along with
air. Air is blown by
the Primary
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Air 5
BOILER
Boiler is a vessel which uses heat energy and produces steam
from water, under pressurised condition.
Boiler are generally of two types:

FIRE TUBE BOILER


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WATER TUBE BOILER
6
Boiler Mountings
These are the components that are mounted over the body
of the boiler itself for the safety of the boiler and for complete
control of the process of steam generation

Steam stop Valve

Pressure Gauge Safety Valves

Fusible plugs
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Feed check Valve Water level
TURBINE
Turbine,rotaryenginethatconverts the
energy of a moving stream of water, steam, or
gas into mechanical energy.

The basic element in a turbine is a wheel or


rotor with paddles, propellers, blades, or
buckets arranged on its circumference in such a
fashion that the moving fluid exerts a
tangential force that turns the wheel and
imparts energy to it.
This mechanical energy is then transferred
through a drive shaft to operate a machine,
compressor, electric generator, or propeller.
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ALTERNATOR
An alternator is a machine which produces alternation electricity.
It is a kind of generator which converts mechanical energy into
alternating electrical energy. It is also known as synchronous
generator.
Salient pole type It is used as low and medium speed alternator. It
has a large number of projecting poles having their cores bolted or
dovetailed onto a heavy magnetic wheel of cast iron or steel of good
magnetic quality. Such generators are characterized by their large
diameters and short axial lengths. These generator are look like big
wheel. These are mainly used for low speed turbine such as in hydel
power plant.
Smooth cylindrical type It is used for steam turbine driven
alternator. The rotor of this generator rotates in very high speed. The
rotor consists of a smooth solid forged steel cylinder having a number
of slots milled out at intervals along the outer periphery for
accommodation of field coils. These rotors are designed mostly for 2
pole or 4 pole turbo generator running at 36000 rpm or 1800 rpm
respectively.
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Name Plate of the Alternator
(Unit no. 1)

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Different Generating Units at Bandel Thermal
Power Station:
Date of
Unit no. Present capacity
commissioning

#1 04.09.1965 60 MW

#2 18.10.1965 60 MW

#3 17.02.1966 60 MW

#4 03.08.1966 60 MW

#5
08.10.1982 210 MW
(being renovated)

TOTAL 450 MW

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Voltage generated by Units 1-4, is 13.8 KV. For
efficient transmission of power, the voltage is stepped
up to 132 KV, using Generator Transformers .

13.8/3 KV 13.8/132 KV
7.5 MVA 100 MVA

Unit Generato
Auxiliary r
2/28/17 03:22:56 PM Transformer Transfor 13
mer
SWITCHYARD

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Various equipments in the
switchyard:
ISOLATO
R Isolator is a
mechanical switch which
isolates a part of circuit
from system as and when
required.
It is used to make/break
an electrical circuit
manually.
It is used only in Off-
load condition.

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CIRCUIT
SF6
CB BREAKER
A circuit breaker is an
automatically operated electrical
switch designed to protect an
electrical circuit from damage
caused by overload or short
circuit,
Unlike or any other faulty
a fuse, which operates
condition.
once and then must be replaced,
a circuit breaker can be reset
(either manually or automatically)
to resume normal operation.
Various types of Circuit
Breaker:

Air Circuit Breaker

Vacuum Circuit Breaker

Oil Circuit Breaker


0CB
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LIGHTENING
ARRESTER
A lightening arrester is
a device used on electrical
power systems to protect
the insulation and
conductors of the system
from the damaging effects
of lightening.
LA
The typical lightening
arrester has a high-voltage
terminal and a ground
terminal.

When a lightening surge


(or switching surge, which is
very similar) travels along
the power line to the
arrester, the current from
the surge is diverted
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through the arrester, 17 to
INSTRUMENT
TRANSFORMERS
Used for metering and sensing purposes.

Potential
Transformer Current
Transformer

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ELECTRICAL
CONTROL ROOM

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RELAYS
They are usually installed in the Electrical Control Room, and are
connected to Instrument Transformers and Circuit Breakers ( which are
present in switchyard), using control cables.

Relays get signal from Instrument Transformers, and in case of any


fault, relay sends tripping signal to Circuit Breaker.

Electromechani Microprocessor
cal Based
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MERITS of a coal fired Thermal Power
Station:
Coal is easily available

Coal is cheaper than other fuels

Coal can be easily stored and

transported

Harnessing of energy from coal is

easy
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Cost of energy harnessing is less
DEMERITS of a coal fired Thermal
Power Station:
High maintenance and operating cost

Harmful gases like CO2, CO, SO2, NO2 and SPM

are emitted

Pollution is caused to a great extent

Requirement of water in huge quantity

Handling of coal and ash is quite difficult

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Electrical Power produced by

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References

[1] Power Plant Engineering, 3rd Edition.


Author: P.K. Nag
Publisher: Tata McGraw Hill

[2] Thermal Power Plants: Advanced


Applications
Author: Muhammad Rasul
Publisher: Intech

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My sincere thanks to:
Dr. Ashok Kumar
Principal,
MCKV Institute of Engineering.

Dr. Arghya Sarkar


Head of the EE dept.,
MCKV Institute of Engineering.

All faculty members of Department of


Electrical Engineering

All staffs of Bandel Thermal Power Station

-for valuable guidance and


support.
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