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SKDI 3A
calyceal stone
Medullary stone Staghorn calculi
Stone formation
Pelvic
in calyceal cup stone
Upper ureteral stone
Stone in
infundibulum
Bladder stone
Lower ureteral stone
Prostatic calculi
Cause of Stone Disease
Supersaturation of urine is the key to stone formation
Crystal aggregation
Bacterial Infection
History
Asymptomatic (check up)
Pain
Abnormal urination
Hematuria
UTI/Pyuria
Passing stones
Diagnosis
Investigation
Urinalysis, urine culture
CBC, BUN, Creatinine,
Electrolyte
Ultrasound, KUB
IVP
Scout film KUB
Diagnosis
Investigation
CT
Stones analysis
Metabolic evaluation
IVP
CT scan
Metabolic Screening
Blood
Calcium, ionized calcium
Electrolyte
BUN, Creatinine
Uric acid
Metabolic Evaluation
Urine
Analysis
Culture
24 hours Urine
volume, creatinine, calcium,
sodium, oxalate, uric acid,
citrate
Stone analysis
Management
1. Medical treatment
2. Conservative treatment
3. Surgical intervention
Indications for Active Stone
removal
Lithotripsy
Intracorporeal (PCNL, URS,
Vesicolithotripsy)
Extracorporeal (ESWL)
Lithotomy(Opened surgery)
Nephro-
Pyelo-
Uretero-
Open Surgical Procedures
Nephrectomy Nephrolithotomy
Cystolithotomy
Recurrence prevention