Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
TOWER
TECHNICIAN
Sector: TELECOM
Occupation: Operation & maintenance
CONTENT
Objective
Introduction
Types of mobile tower
Definition of tower
Different tower pictures
Telecom tower companies
In India
Role and Responsibilities of site technician
Components of tower site
Cont
Components within the Shelter
Components within the diesel generator
Cellular network
Why external cell is used
Merits and demerits of hexagonal cell
Sectoring and process
Multiple access techniques
Generation of network (0G, 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G,
5G)
Mobile pictures of each generation of network
Cont
GSM communication
Introduction to GSM
History of GSM
Why we go for GSM system
GSM architecture
Frequency band of GSM
Uplink and downlink frequency
Forward and reverse
Extended GSM
GSM architecture description
Handover/ handoff process
GSM channel and
Single path and multi path
Architecture of 3G network
UMTS
4G architecture network
LTP
LTE
MIMO system
OFDM block diagram
Single carrier
Multi carrier
Different heights of tower
LOC
What are the obstacles to oppose the LOC
OBJECTIVE
To understand details about mobile towers.
To study about different types of mobile tower.
To study about Shelter.
To study about Diesel Generator.
WELCOME & INTRODUCTION
A cell site or cell tower is a cellular telephone site
where antennae and electronic communications equipment are
placed, usually on a radio mast, tower or other high place, to
create a cell (or adjacent cells) in a cellular network.
Frequency reuse same frequency in
Tower:
Platform
Mounting pole
Antenna (GSM, CDMA & Microwave)
Lightening Arrestor
Aviation Lamp
RF Feeder cable
Vertical cable tray
Earthing
Shelter:
BTS
Communication equipment rack
SMPS
Battery bank
Air Conditioning & fan unit
Sensors
Cont
Fiber connectivity box
Router/modem
Smoke detector
Anti static floor mat
Fire extinguisher etc
Narrow band width:- Digital FDMA can make use of low bit rate
speech coding techniques to reduce the channel band even more.
FEATURES:-
No frequency management
No guard time required
Enables soft handoff
CDMA example
Cont
SPREAD SPECTRUM
Spread spectrum is a communication technique that spreads a narrow
band communication signal over a wide range of frequencies for
transmission and de-spreads it into the original data bandwidth at the
receiver.
It uses wide band, noise like signals. Because spread spectrum signals are
noise-like ,they are hard to detect.
These low probability of intercept(LPI) and anti jam(AJ) features are why
the military has used spread spectrum for so many years.
GENERATION (G)
0G refers pre-cellular mobile telephony technology in
1970s.
Technology used in 0G are PTT(push to talk),
MTS(mobile telephone system) & Improve-MTS.
1G TECHNOLOGY
Developed in1980 in Europe.
Based on analog
telecommunication standards.
Used analog radio signals.
It allows voice calls in one country.
Technology: AMPS, CT series
Range:2.9 kbps to 5.6 kbps.
2G TECHNOLOGY
Developed in 1990-91 in Finland.
Based on GSM technology.
Technology: GSM, CDMA, DECT
Used digital radio signals and
SIM card.
Range: 15Kbps to 40Kbps.
GSM Services:
Tele-services
Supplementary services
Bearer services
2.5G TECHNOLOGY
General packet ratio services(GPRS)
Data rates-56kbps to115kbps
Services-
WAP
MMS and SMS
Search and directory
3G TECHNOLOGY
Based on Universal mobile telecommunication
system(UMTS).
It is known as any where, any place, any time technique.
Standards are: WiMAX, WCDMA 2000, WCDMA one,
CDMA 2000, HSPA etc
Range: (up to 2 Mbps)