CONSTRUCTING

CHEMICAL FORMULA
Sodium Hydroxide
ion
Na+ OH- ion

Zinc Carbonate
ion
Zn2+ CO32-
ion

Al 3+ PO43-

Aluminium Phosphate ion

 Construct the chemical formula of sodium chloride

Na+ Cl-

Na+ Total charge?

+1 + (-1) = 0

Cl-

1 Na+ ion combines with 1 Cl-

ion
hemical formula of sodium chloride : NaCl
 Construct the chemical formula of
sodium hydroxide

Na+ OH-

Na+
Total charge?
+1 + (-1) = 0
OH-

1 Na+ ion combine with 1 ion

OH -
hemical formula of sodium hydroxide : NaOH
 Construct the chemical formula of zinc carbonate

Zn2+ CO32-

Zn2+
Total charge?
+2 + (-2) = 0
CO32-

1 Zn2+ ion combine with 1 CO32- ion

Chemical formula of zinc carbonate : ZnCO3

 Aluminium
phophate
Al 3+ PO43-

Al3+ Total charge?

+3 + (-3) = 0

PO43-
Ratio number of cation and anion =
1:1
emical formula of aluminium phosphate : AlP
 Sodium
carbonate

Na+ CO32-
odium ion charge: +1Carbonate ion charge: -2

w will the sodium and carbonate ions combine

ionic compound with total zero charges?
 Sodium
carbonate
Na+ Na+
CO32-

2 Na+ ion combine with 1 CO32-

ion
Ratio number of cation (Na+) and anion
(CO32-) = 2 : 1
hemical formula of sodium carbonate : Na2CO
 Zinc hydroxide

Zn2+ OH-

Zinc ion charge: +2Hydroxide ion charge: -1

will the zinc ions and carbonate ions combin

onic compound with total zero charge?
 Zinc hydroxide

Zn2+
OH- OH-

1 Zn2+ ion combine with 2 OH-

ion Zn2+ : OH-- = 1 : 2

Chemical formula of zinc hydroxide: Zn(OH)

Construct the chemical
formula of sodium
phosphate
Na+ PO43-
 Construct the chemical formula of
aluminium hydroxide

Al 3+ OH-

1 Al3+ ion combine with 3 OH-

ion
Al3+ : OH-- = 1 : 3
emical formula of aluminium hydroxide: Al(OH
 Construct the chemical formula of
aluminium carbonate

Al 3+ CO32-

Al3+ Al3+
CO32- CO32- CO32-

2 Al3+ ion combine with 3 CO32- ion

Chemical formula of aluminium carbonate :
Al2(CO3)3
Construct the chemical
formula of zinc phosphate

Zn 2+ PO43-

Zn2+ Zn2+ Zn2+

PO43- PO43-
3 Zn2+ ion combine with 2 PO43- ion
Chemical formula of aluminium
carbonate :
accurate method to construct chemic

c) Amonium Sulphate NH4+ SO42-

ionic charge +1 -2

no. of ion 2 1

2 NH4+ ion combine with 1 SO42- ion

Chemical formula : (NH4 )2SO4

 Chemical equation

2 Writing chemical equation

In writing a chemical equation, it must be balacned.
There must always be the same number of atoms of
each element on each side of the equation.:
Example 1
Hydrogen + Oxygen Water

H O H H
H + H H
H H
O O
O

Chemical equation

2 H2 (g) + O2 (g)
2 H2O (l)
 Example 2
Nitrogen + Hydrogen Ammonia
N2 H2 NH3

H H
N H
+ H H N N
H H H
N H H
H H

N2 (g) +3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

Chemical equation
 Example 3

Methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

CH 4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H 2O
 Example 4
Lead(II) nitrate + soodium sulphate lead(II) sulphate + sodium nitrate

Pb (NO3 )2 + Na2 SO4 PbSO24 + NaNO3

NO3 Na+ NO3

-
Na+ -

Pb2+ SO42- Pb2+ SO42-

Na+
NO3- NO3
Na+ -
3 H2CO3 +2 63
Al(NO3)3 Al (CO )3 +
2
HNO
H 3
+
NO3 - H+ NO3-
CO32- Al3+ CO32-
Al3+
H +
NO3 - H+ NO3-
H+
NO3 - Al CO32-
NO3-
3+

H+
CO32-
H+ NO3- CO32- H+ NO3-
Al3+
H +
NO3- H+ NO3-
CO32-
H+ NO3-
H+ NO3-
 Exercise 1
each equation, identify the reactant(s), product(s) and
state of each of them.

H2(g) + O2(g)
2 2H2O(l)
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) MgCl2 + H2(g)
2
aCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)

K(s)2+ 2H2O(l) 2 KOH(aq) + H2(g)

l2(g) + 2
NaBr(aq) 2 NaCl(aq) + Br2(l)

Pb (NO3 )2 (aq) + Na2 SO4 PbSO4 + 2NaNO3