Lecture 15 - Arrays and Pointers - 06

Engineering H192 - Computer Programming
Arrays and Pointers
Lecture 15
The Ohio State University

Winter Quarter Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lect 15
Arrays and Pointers
So far, we have looked at pointer variables which

were declared with statements like:
FILE *fptr ;
int *aptr ;
We have also used pointer constants when we

sent the address of a variable to a function. We
did this by placing an ampersand before the
variable name. For instance, the address of
variable a is &a, which is a pointer constant.
Arrays and Pointers
The name of an array without a subscript (index

number) is also a pointer constant. When the
name is used without the subscript it references
the address of element 0 of the array.
int myarray[10]; /* Declare an array */

int *myptr; /* Declare a pointer (not initialized)*/
printf (%d\n, myarray); /* print address of myarray[0] */
scanf (%d, myarray); /* get value from keyboard and
store in myarray[0] */
scanf (%d,&myarray[0]); /* same thing as above */

Arrays and Pointers

myptr = &myarray[2]; /* Assign the address of the third
element of myarray to myptr */
printf(%d, *myptr); /* Print the value of what myptr is
pointing to, i.e., the value of
myarray[2] */
Note that the * in front of myptr de-references the

pointer. That is, it says use the value in the
address that is pointed to.
The following shows a small program and its
output.
Arrays and Pointers

/* Printing array values and addresses */
#include <stdio.h>
int main ( )
{
int k;
float a[4] = {1000, 2000, 3000, 4000};
printf ("k a &a[k] a[k]\n");
for (k=0; k<4; k++)
printf ("%d %ld %ld %f\n", k, a, &a[k], a[k]);
}

Running the Program
r1tel (~) millerm 52> a.out
k a &a[k] a[k]
0 2147462916 2147462916 1000.000000
1 2147462916 2147462920 2000.000000
2 2147462916 2147462924 3000.000000
3 2147462916 2147462928 4000.000000
r1tel (~) millerm 53>

Arrays and Pointers
We have seen how to pass a pointer for a single

valued variable to a function.
Sometimes we want to pass an entire array to a

function. The name of an array without a
subscript is a pointer constant that contains the
address of element [ 0 ] of the array. Therefore, if
we pass the array name with no subscript to a
function, we are passing a pointer to that array.
The following program illustrates this.

Arrays and Pointers

/* Passing an array to a function */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void myfunct (int , char [ ]);
int main ( )
{
char name[20] = "Michael J. Miller";
myfunct (20, name);
}

Arrays and Pointers
void myfunct (int len , char text[ ])

{
int k ;
printf ("%d\n", strlen(text)) ;
for (k = 0 ; k < len ; k++) printf ("%c", text[k]) ;
}
/*Program Output */
17
Michael J. Miller
Arrays and Pointers
Given the declaration int a[3] = { 1, 2, 3 } ;

a is a pointer to (the address of) a[0]
&a[0] is a pointer to a[0]
a[0] is the value 1 ( *a is also the value 1)
a[1] is the value 2
a[2] is the value 3
&a[0]+1 is a pointer to a[1]
&a[0]+2 is a pointer to a[2]
Arrays and Pointers
Given the declaration

int b[3][3] = {{1,3,5}, {7,9,11}, {13,15,17}};
b is a pointer to b[0][0]
b[0] is also a pointer to b[0][0]
b[1] is a pointer to b[1][0]
b[2] is a pointer to b[2][0]
*b is a pointer to b[0] (special case)
*b[1] is the value of b[1][0] (which is 7)
*b[2] + 1 is the value of b[2][0] + 1 (which is 14)

/* Double subscript arrays and

user-written functions */
#include <stdio.h>
void printarray (int [ ][7], int);
int main( ) {
int calendar[5][7]={{1,2,3,4,5,6,7},
{8, 9, 10,11,12,13,14},
{15,16,17,18,19,20,21},
{22,23,24,25,26,27,28},
{29,30,31,32,33,34,35}} ;
printarray (calendar , 5);
}
void printarray (int cal[][7], int j)

{
int k, n ;
for (k = 0 ; k < j ; k++)
{
for (n = 0 ; n < 7 ; n++)
printf ("%3d ", cal[k][n]);
printf ("\n");
}
}
/* Double subscript arrays, user-written

functions and pointer arithmetic */
#include <stdio.h>
void printarray (int * , int , int);
int main ( ) {
int calendar[5][7]= {{1,2,3,4,5,6,7},
{8, 9, 10,11,12,13,14},
{15,16,17,18,19,20,21},
{22,23,24,25,26,27,28},
{29,30,31,32,33,34,35}};
printarray (calendar[0] , 5 , 7);
}
void printarray (int *cal, int j, int m)

{
for (k = 0 ; k < j*m ; k += m)
{
for (n = 0 ; n < m ; n++)
printf ("%3d ", *(cal+k+n));
printf ("\n");
}
}
Assignment G13
A data file named g13.dat exists in the class

"common area" on the UNIX system.
The file contains actual data from one test of an

instrumented bicycle from an engineering hands-
on lab experiment.
You should look at the file on the screen (with a

"more" command), but DO NOT print it out, as it
contains several thousand (but less than 12,000)
lines of data.
Assignment G13
You will note that at the beginning of the file there are
several lines of "header" information followed by
many lines of data in four columns.
Count by hand the number of lines from the

beginning of the file until you get to a line that has
the actual data in the four columns. (You will need
this number in Step 2 later.)
The fourth column is the raw data (voltage) values

from the lab experiment.
Steps for G13
Write a complete C program, (say, g13.cpp),

which does the following:
Opens the data file for input.
Input the correct number of header lines one

by one, display each one on the screen and
print each one to a result file (say, g13res.dat),
and then discard the information.

Steps for G13
For opening the data file and the output file, just
use the usual fopen routine.
For reading the header lines, it might be rather

convenient to read the complete line into a
character array or string.
How long should this string be?
What routine might be used?

Steps for G13
Input each of the lines of data arranged in the

four columns, discarding the data values from
each of the first three columns and storing
only the data from the fourth column in a one-
dimensional array.
For skipping over the columns with unwanted
data, you will need to use the assignment
suppression operator, *, in the scanf format.
Your program will need to detect the end-of-file
(EOF) to know when to stop inputting data.
Close the input file when you reach the EOF.

Data from g13.dat

"
"Source File: C:\PROGRA~1\PSLOG\195RIDE.PL1

"ID: IE Group 4 Bike Stress friday XR440 12 bi
"Ch1 lbl/scl: Start/Stop /A
"Ch2 lbl/scl: input voltage signal /-5.000 05.000
"Ch3 lbl/scl: Off /C
"Ch4 lbl/scl: Off /C
"Rate (mins): 0.0000833333324 Bat: 8.8
"First: Fri 20-Nov-1998 10:38:47am
"Last: Fri 20-Nov-1998 10:39:40am
"Transferred: Fri 20-Nov-1998 10:42:37am
"Eq. PC time: Fri 20-Nov-1998 10:42:38AM

Data from g13.dat

"Rate (mins): 0.0000833333324 Bat: 8.8
"First: Fri 20-Nov-1998 10:38:47am
"Last: Fri 20-Nov-1998 10:39:40am
"Transferred: Fri 20-Nov-1998 10:42:37am
"Eq. PC time: Fri 20-Nov-1998 10:42:38AM
"
Date,Time,Ch1:Deg F,Ch2:
11/20/1998 10:38:47.000 -4.989 0.238
11/20/1998 10:38:47.005 -4.989 0.231
11/20/1998 10:38:47.010 -4.989 0.228
11/20/1998 10:38:47.015 -4.989 0.231
11/20/1998 10:38:47.020 -4.989 0.228

Processing the G13 Data File
For skipping unwanted columns, we need to use

the "assignment suppression operator" in the
format specification:
fscanf (infile, "%*s%*s%*s%f", &data_val[ i ] ) ;
Remember, to check for EOF, you could use the

feof function.

Assignment G13
Find the largest value in the array and the smallest
value in the array.
Display the results on the screen, and also write the
results to the output file, g13result.dat. The results to
be displayed and printed are:
The total number of data points in the file
The maximum voltage and time at which it occurred
The minimum voltage and time at which it occurred
The elapsed time between the maximum and
minimum values

Assignment G13
The change in the output voltage is related to the
strain of the strain gage by:
where:
Vout = V in * A * Sg*
V in= 5.0 Volts is the strain

A = 500 (amplification) Vout is the change in voltage
Sg = 2.085 (gage factor)
The equation can be solved to give the strain as a function of

the output voltage

Assignment 13
Stress-Strain: Hookes Law

The stress() in the bicycle fork can be
calculated from the strain (), by using Hookes
Law:
=E*
Where E is the Modulus of Elasticity

For the bike fork material E = 29.0 x 106 psi
The yield stress = 36,000 psi


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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Arrays and Pointers

The Ohio State University

Arrays and Pointers

So far, we have looked at pointer variables which

We have also used pointer constants when we

Arrays and Pointers

The name of an array without a subscript (index

int myarray[10]; /* Declare an array */

The Ohio State University

Arrays and Pointers

Note that the * in front of myptr de-references the

Arrays and Pointers

The Ohio State University

Running the Program

r1tel (~) millerm 52> a.out

r1tel (~) millerm 53>

The Ohio State University

Arrays and Pointers

We have seen how to pass a pointer for a single

Sometimes we want to pass an entire array to a

The following program illustrates this.

The Ohio State University

Arrays and Pointers

The Ohio State University

Arrays and Pointers

void myfunct (int len , char text[ ])

Arrays and Pointers

Given the declaration int a[3] = { 1, 2, 3 } ;

Arrays and Pointers

Given the declaration

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/* Double subscript arrays and

void printarray (int cal[][7], int j)

/* Double subscript arrays, user-written

void printarray (int *cal, int j, int m)

A data file named g13.dat exists in the class

The file contains actual data from one test of an

You should look at the file on the screen (with a

Count by hand the number of lines from the

The fourth column is the raw data (voltage) values

Steps for G13

Write a complete C program, (say, g13.cpp),

Opens the data file for input.

Input the correct number of header lines one

The Ohio State University

Steps for G13

For reading the header lines, it might be rather

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Steps for G13

Input each of the lines of data arranged in the

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Data from g13.dat

"Source File: C:\PROGRA~1\PSLOG\195RIDE.PL1

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Data from g13.dat

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Processing the G13 Data File

For skipping unwanted columns, we need to use

fscanf (infile, "%*s%*s%*s%f", &data_val[ i ] ) ;

Remember, to check for EOF, you could use the

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V in= 5.0 Volts is the strain

fscanf (infile, "%s%s%*s%f", &data_val[ i ] ) ;