CONCEPTS OF

HEALTH DISEASE
AND
HISTORY OF DISEASE
 sudarmaji
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 AGENT HOST
ENVIRONMEN
T DISEASE
INFECTION
DEPEND UPON FACTORS CONTACT
BETWEEN
INFECTIOUS AGENT AND A SUSCEPTIBLE
PERSON KNOWN AS THE HOST.
THE DURATION AND EXTENT OF ITS
EXCRETION
FROM AN INFECTED PERSON.
THE CLIMATIC CONDITION AFFECTING
 RELATIONSHIP AMONG
INFECTIOUS AGENTS OF
DISEASE , THE HUMAN HOST
AND HIS ENVIRONMENT
ALSO EXIST AMONG
NON INFECTIOUS ETIOLOGICAL
AGENTS - HOST - ENVIRONMENT
For example:
CANCER
Maybe depend apon the extent of
EXPOSURE to the CARCINOGENIC AGENT ,
the dose of the agent, the genetic and the
 CLASSIFICATION OF AGENTS,
HOST AND ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTOR
AGENTS OF DISEASE AS
EXAMPLE
Etiological Factors
1.Nutritive elements
Excesses --------------- Cholesterol
Deficiencies --------------- Vitamins,
Proteins
2.Chemical agents
Poisons --------------- CO gas,
CCl4, Drugs Allergens ---------------
Regweed, Medication
3.Physical agents -----------------------------------
Ionizing radiation
 HOSTS FACTOR (INTRINSIC FACTORS)
INFLUENCE EXPOSURE , SUSCEPTABILITY OR
RESPONSE TO AGENTS
Example

1.Genetic Sickle cell disease

2.Physiologic State Fatique, Fregnancy,

Stress.

3.Human Behavcior Personal hygiene

Food handling
Diet
Recreation
Utilization of Health
 ENVIRONMENT FACTOR
(EXTRINSIC FACTORS)

1.BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
- Infectious agent of disease
- Reservoir of infection (animal)
- Vector which transmit disease
(flies and mosquito)
- Plants and animals
(food )
 ENVIRONMENT FACTOR
(EXTRINSIC FACTORS)

2.SOSIAL ENVIRONMENT
- Economic
- Political organization
- Culture
- Community
 ENVIRONMENT FACTOR
(EXTRINSIC FACTORS)

3.PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL
ENVIRONMENT
- Heat
- Light
- Air
- Water
- Radiation
- Gravity
- Atmospheric pressure
 INTERRELATION OF FACTORS)
(ECOLOGIC MODELS)

THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIANGLE

HOST

AGENT ENVIRONMENT
 WHEEL MODELS OF MAN-
ENVIRONMENT
INTERACTION
HOST Genetic
core

Physical
Environment

Social
Environment
BIOLOGI
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR (EXTRINSIC FACTORS)
INFLUENCE EXISTENCE OF THE AGENTS ,
EXPOSURE OR SUSCEPTABILITY TO AGENTS
Example

1.Physical environment Geology , Climate

2.Biologic environment
Human population Density
Flora Source of food
Fauna Food sources,
Vector

3.Sosioeconomic
Environment occupation Exposure to
CAUSATION OF DISEASES
GENETIC FACTORS

GOOD HEALTH POOR HEALTH

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
(INCLUDING BEHAVIOURS)
 NATURAL HISTORY OF
DISEASE
DEATH

SUBCLINICAL CLINICAL
GOOD HEALTH CHANGES
CHANGES

RECOVERY
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS
BY MODE OF TRANSMISSION

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN
INFECTIONS BY SELECTED
EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURE
1.Dynamics of Spread through Human
Population Sample
A.Spread by common vehicle
-INGESTION WITH: WATER-FOOD-BEVERAGE Salmonella
-INHALATION IN AIR BREATHED Flu
-INOCULATION (INTRAVENOUS-SUBCUTANEOUS)
Hepatitis B

B.Propagation by serial transfer

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS
BY MODE OF TRANSMISSION

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN
INFECTIONS BY SELECTED
EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURE

2.Portal of Entry (and Portal of

Exit) Samples
in Human Host
-Upper Respiratory Tract Diphtheria
-Lower Respiratory Tract Tuberculosis
-Gastrointestinal Tract Typhoid
fever
-Genitourinary Tract Gonorrhea
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS
BY MODE OF TRANSMISSION

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN
INFECTIONS BY SELECTED
EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURE

3.Principal Reservoir of Infection

Samples
-Man Infectious
hepatitis
-Other vertebrates (zoonoses) Tularemia
-Agent free living
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS
BY MODE OF TRANSMISSION

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN
INFECTIONS BY SELECTED
EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURE

4.Cycles of Infections Agent in

Nature Samples
-Man man
Inluenza
-Man arthropod man
Malaria
-Vertebrate-vertebrate-man
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS
BY MODE OF TRANSMISSION

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN
INFECTIONS BY SELECTED
EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURE

5.Complex Cycles
Samples
In certain helminth infections

Paragonimiasis
The cycle is as follow:
NATURAL HISTORY OF
DISEASE
 STATE
NATURAL HISTORY OF
DISEASE

STAGE OF
1. SUSCEPTIBILITY
2. PRESYMPTOMATIC DISEASE
3. CLINICAL DISEASE
4. DISABILITY
 STATE
OF SUSCEPTIBILITY
1. RELATION BETWEEN :
HOST AGENT ENVIRONMENT
2. RISK FACTOR:
HOST (fatique) ALCOHOL PNEMONIA
OBESITAS SMOKING CORONAIR HD.
SUSCEPTIBILITY, RELATED TO:
AGE-SEX-LIFE STYLE-CULTURE-ETC
 STATE
OF PRESYMPTOMATIC
DISEASE
1. DISEASE NOT CLEAR
2. PATHOLOGIC DISORDER IS CLEAR
3. DISORDER STILL UNDER CLINICAL
HORISON LINE. ( THE BORDERS OF
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION AND PATHOLO
GICAL CONDITION)
Eq. Atherosclerotic (+) before SUDDEN
DEATH
 STATE
OF CLINICAL DISEASE

1. CHANGES OF ANATOMICAL AND

FUNCTIONAL OF ORGANS
2. SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES (+)
3. DISEASE CAN CLASIFIED
ACCOEDING TO : LOCATION
HISTOLOGICAL
PSYCHOSOSIAL
 STATE
OF DISABILITY
DISEASE CURE DISABLE DEATH
Eq. VIRUS DISEASE SELF LIMITING
DISEASE. COMPLICATION
(ENCHEPHALITIS)

HT STROKE HEMIPLEGIA.