Faal Pencernaan-Psik 2017

FISIOLOGI SISTEM
PENCERNAAN
PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by

dr. Yhusi Karina, MSc.
Untuk Kuliah PSIK 2017 Laboratorium Ilmu Faal PSSK FKUB
Anatomi Sistem Pencernaan : Overview
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21-2a: ANATOMY SUMMARY: The Digestive System
Proses Pencernaan: Overview
Motilitas
Sekresi
Absorbsi
Eliminasi
Figure 21-1: Processes of the digestive system

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Sekresi Pencernaan:
(7 L / Hari dari Jaringan ke Lumen)
Kelenjar Saliva
Pankreas
Air
Enzim
Mukus
Ions: H+, K+, Na+
HCO3-, Cl-
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21-5: Daily mass balance in the digestive system
Digestive Anatomy: Histological Overview
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21-2c: ANATOMY SUMMARY: The Digestive System
The GI tract has four layers
Mucosa
Epithelial cells
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae
Submucosa
muscularis externa
Serosa (connective tissue

Digestive Anatomy: Histological Overview
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21-2e: ANATOMY SUMMARY: The Digestive System
Motilitas: Kontraksi Otot Polos
Peristaltis bergerak
maju
Segmentasi
pencampuran
Figure 21-4: Contractions in the GI tract

Mekanisme Biokimia Pencernaan: Karbohidrat
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21-6: Carbohydrate digestion
Mekanisme Biokimia Pencernaan: Protein
Proteins enzim
hydrolysis asam amino
enzim: endopeptidases &
exopeptidases
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21-7: Endopeptidases and exopeptidases
Mekanisme Biokimia Pencernaan : Lemak
Figure 21-8: Fat digestion

Regulasi Pencernaan : Sistem Saraf Pusat (CNS)
dan Sistem Saraf Enterik (ENS)
Figure 21-9: The enteric nervous system

Fungsi Pencernaan pada Setiap Organ: Overview
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21-11: Overview of functions in different regions of the digestive system
Pencernaan Mekanik dan Kimia di Mulut
Saliva
Lubrikasi dan melunakkan makanan
Amilase Saliva
Memecah pati menjadi karbohidrat yang
lebih kecil
Pencernaan Mekanik : Mastikasi (mengunyah)
Melindungi
Lysosomes dan immunoglobulins
membunuh virus dan bakteri
Reflek Menelan : Palatum mole dan Esophagus
Figure 21-13: The swallowing reflex

Fase Gastrik : Lambung
Penyimpanan mengirimkan kimus ke usus

kecil dengan irama yang sesuai yang dapat di
terima duodenum
Hot Dogs
53 1/2 Nathan's Hot Dogs and Buns
12 minutes
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Takeru Kobayashi
Pencernaan di Lambung
HCl atau asam lambung sel parietal .

Membunuh bacteria
Denaturasi protein
Pepsin sel chief .
Mencerna Protein; memecah collagen daging
Lipase sel chief, 10% pencernaan lemak
Amilase Saliva dari mulut yang masuk ke lambung
akan menjadi tidak aktif terkena rendahnya pH
lambung.
Sekresi Lambung
Sel Parietal pH-1

Sel Chief pepsinogen inactive pepsin active
Sel D somatostatin
Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells histamine
Sel Ghormone gastrin.
Sel Mukus mukus dan bicarbonate

Sekresi Lambung
Figure 21-17: Integration of secretion in the stomach

Fase Gastric : Barrier Kimia Lambung
Figure 21-15: The mucus-bicarbonate barrier of the gastric mucosa

Figure 21-17: Integration of secretion in the stomach
Fase Intestinal : RESPON ENDOCRINE
Sfingter pylorus
mengirimkan kimus ke
duodenum dalam bentuk
semburan.
Kimus yang asam di
duodenum menstimulasi
pengeluaran hormone ke
dalam darah : Secretin,
cholecystokinin, GIP

Fase Intestinal : Reflexes yang mencetuskan Aksi
Pencernaan
Figure 21-18: The intestinal phase of gastric function

Fase Intestinal : RESPON NEURAL
Tingginya OsM kimus

Osmoreseptor Neural
Menstimulasi sekresi
neural secretion kedalam
darah yang akan :
Menghambat motilitas
gastric
Menghambat sekresi
asam.

Fase Intestinal : RESPON EXOCRINE
Sekresi Pancreatic bicarbonate

Secretin menstimulasi pengeluaran bicarbonate.
Menetralisir HCl, menambahkan empeduk dan enzim
Pancreatic exocrine mensekresi enzim
CCK menstimulates pengeluaran enzim inaktif pancreas
Liver menambahkan empedu melalui kandung empedu
CCK menstimulates kontraksi kandung empedu
Empedu; non-enzim
Garam empedu, berperan sebagai detergen
Bilirubin
cholesterol

Fase Intestinal : sekresi intestinal
Bicarbonate
Enzim enzim Brush border:
Peptidases
Disaccharidases
Enteropeptidase
Activasi enzim pancreatic yang inaktif

Disaccharidases

Absorbsi Karbohidrat di usus
Hydrolysis to simple sugars

Absorption: transport
Na+/ glucose symport
Figure 21-24: Carbohydrate absorption
Fructose GLUT
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings To ECF capillary
Garam Empedu dan
Pencernaan Lemak
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21-23: Bile salts
Lemak adalah
Phospholipids
Triglycerides
Cholesterol

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21-26: Fat digestion and absorption
Lipoproteins: the transport form of cholesterol
Liver makes VLDL
In the plasma: HDL and LDL

Fase Intestinal : Pencernaan Protein & Absorbtion
Hidrolisis menjadi peptide yang lebih kecil,,

dipeptides, & amino acids
Transport Membrane : H+, Na+ co transports &
transcytosis
Ke cairan ekstraseluler kemudian ke kapiler

Sistem Porta Hepar
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21-19: The hepatic portal system
Fase Intestinal :
Usus Besar, Absorbsi H2O & Defekasi
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21-27: Anatomy of the large intestine
Fase Intestinal :
Pencernaan Usus Besar dan Absorbsi
Bakteri mencerna sejumlah karbohidrat dan

protein melalui proses fermentasi.
Sebagian besar terjadi reabsorbsi air
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21-28: NaCl reabsorption by colonocytes
Kesehatan Pencernaan : Masalah dan Perlindungan
Pertahanan imun : sel M, Peyer's patches,
lymphocytes
Irritable bowel disease inflamasi chronic
Diarrhea: dapat menyebabkan dehydration (4 juta
kematian/tahun)
Pemberian Larutan Osmotic untuk reabsorbsi
H2O
Sekresi toksin bacterial ("flush out'
pathogens)
Muntah (emesis) dapat menyebabkan alkalosis
Ulcers- H. pylori
"heart-burn" acid reflux disease

Faal Pencernaan-Psik 2017

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FISIOLOGI SISTEM

PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by

Figure 21-1: Processes of the digestive system

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 21-4: Contractions in the GI tract

Figure 21-8: Fat digestion

Figure 21-9: The enteric nervous system

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 21-13: The swallowing reflex

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Penyimpanan mengirimkan kimus ke usus

HCl atau asam lambung sel parietal .

Sel Parietal pH-1

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 21-17: Integration of secretion in the stomach

Figure 21-15: The mucus-bicarbonate barrier of the gastric mucosa

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 21-18: The intestinal phase of gastric function

Tingginya OsM kimus

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Sekresi Pancreatic bicarbonate

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Hydrolysis to simple sugars

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Hidrolisis menjadi peptide yang lebih kecil,,

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Bakteri mencerna sejumlah karbohidrat dan

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