Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Pertemuan 09
BANGUNAN AIR
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Learning Outcomes
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Outline Materi
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Type of DAM
Arch Dams
An arch dam is a curved
dam which is dependent
upon arch action for its
strength.
Arch dam are thinner and
therefore require less
material than any other type
of dam.
Arch dams are good for
sites that are narrow and
have strong abutments.
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Arch Dams - Anatomy
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Arch Dams - History
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Arch Dams - History
Kebar and Kurit
The Mongolians built the first arch dams
since the Romans. The earliest one was
built around 1300 near Kebar, Iran. The
Kebar dam was 26 m high, 55 m long. The
arch did not abut against the canyon walls,
instead it passed on both sides into
straight wing walls.
The second Mongolian arch dam was built
around 1350 in Kurit, Iran. The Kurit dam
is especially remarkable for its
extraordinary height of 60 m -- it was the
world's highest dam until the early 1900's.
The dam was built in a very narrow canyon
and its crest length reached only 44% of
the height. It therefore remained erect,
despite the fact that a large segment of
lower half of the vertical downstream face
broke away.
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Arch Dams - History
Postmedieval Europe
Elche
The first true arch dam in Europe
since the Roman times was built from
1632 to 1640 near Elche, Spain. The
Elche dam's main arch was 75 m long
at the crest. The Elche dam was
designed by Joanes del Temple.
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Type of DAM
Buttress Dams
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Buttress Dams - Anatomy
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Buttress Dams - History
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Buttress Dams - History
Roman Buttress Dams
Esparragelejo
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Buttress Dams - History
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Buttress Dams - History
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Buttress Dams - History
Evolution of the Modern
Buttress Dam
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Type of DAM
Gravity Dams
Gravity dams are dams which
resist the horizontal thrust of the
water entirely by their own
weight.
Concrete gravity dams are
typically used to block streams
through narrow gorges.
Because it is there weight holding
the water back, concrete gravity
dams tend to use a large amount
of concrete. This can be
expensive.
But many prefer its solid strength
to arch or buttress dams.
Explore the links below to learn
more about gravity dams
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Gravity Dams - Anatomy
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Gravity Dams - History
The Roman Empire
Emperor Nero (AD 54-68) had a 40 m high, 13.5 m wide, and 80 m
lonldam built for a pleasure lake near his villa at Subiaco, Italy. The
dam was one of the earliest Roman dams and remained the highest
the Romans ever built. Moreover, the Subiaco dam and two smaller
dams nearby are the only Roman dams in Italy. Although the dam
was to thin, it remained intact until it failed in 1305. Records blace
the blame on two monks who took it upon themselves to remove
stones from the dam, apparently in an attempt to lower the level of
the lake which was flooding their fields.
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Gravity Dams - History
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Gravity Dams - History
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Gravity Dams - History
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Gravity Dams - History
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Gravity Dams - History
Embankment Dams
Embankment dams are
massive dams made of earth
or rock.
They rely on their weight to
resist the flow of water.
Explore the links below to learn
more about embankment
dams.
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Embankment Dams - Anatomy
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Embankment Dams - History
Ancient Times
Sadd-el-Kafara
The ruins of the Sadd-el-
Kafara embankment dam
were discovered over 100
years ago in the Garawi
ravine in Egypt. The dam
was built around 2600 BC
and was 14 m high and 113
m along the crest. It is the
oldest dam of such size
known in the world. The of
the dam was to retain the
water from rare, but violent,
floods.
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Embankment Dams - History
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Embankment Dams - History
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Embankment Dams - History
Evolution of Modern Embankment Dams
Embankment dams in the U.S. prior to 1930 had a poor track record. Of
those over 490 ft high, almost 10% failed, usually due to overtopping in a
flood. Overtopping is when the water level in the reservoir reaches
maximum height and begins to flow over the top of the dam. The South
Fork dam in Johnstown,PA was one of the first to use rockfills, or loose
rocks, on the downstream face. This dam failed after being overtopped in
1889, kill over 2000 people.
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