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SERIES
ECC 3001 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
LEARNING OUTCOME
to define and represent sequences and
series
to compute the limit of sequences
to test the convergence of infinite series
and
compute the sum of specific series
to write and solve recursive relations
2
SEQUENCE
Sets of terms
List of things number or any other things typically in order
INFINITE VS FINITE
Goes on forever e.g your wish list infinite sequence
Otherwise it is finite money to be spent daily or weekly or monthly
Examples
{1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,}
First term
In general
Difference
{a, a+d, a+2d,a+3d,}
between
xn=a +d(n-1) terms
(common
difference)
THE GENERAL FORM OF AN ARITHMETIC
SEQUENCE.
First Term: a1
Second a2 a1 d
Term:
Third Term: a3 a1 2d
Fourth Term: a4 a1 3d
Fifth Term: a5 a1 4d
nth Term: an a1 n 1 d
7
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
Each term multiplying previous
term by a constant
{a, ar, ar2, ar3, ... }
1
Sn n[ 2a ( n 1) d ]
2
when a 1; d 1
1
Then Sn n( n 1)
2
14
GEOMETRIC SERIES
Geometric Seq= seq when ratio of succesive terms is a constant
no
{2,4,8,16,32} {2,-1,1/2,-1/4, 1/8, -1/16, 1/32}
has the form
a=first term
k n 1
(ar ) k 0
r=common ratio
n-no of terms in
sequence
Geometric series
Sn=a+ar+ar2.+arn-1 n 1
a (1 r n
)
Sum of first n terms S n ar
k
k 0 1 r
15
HARMONIC ALTERNATING
SERIES SERIES
Divergent or convergent?
check
TRY THESE
What is the value of
a1 = 1
develop an algorithm for a
process involve feed of a
a2 =a1+___ variable or parameter and create
a relationship between the data
a3 = a2+ __
To solve
a1 = 1
a2 = 2
ANOTHER ONE
Can of soft drinks are arranged as
follows
(a) How many cans are there in the
10th array?
(b) How many cans are there in the
2004th array?
(c) What is the total number of
cans in the first 2004 arrays?
RECURSIVE
RELATION
KNOW THE SEQUENCE & THE GENERAL TERM, FIND THE RELATION
CHECK THIS
For positive integer ,n, let (a) Find , , f(1) and f(2).
f(n) = (b) Show that
Converges
an a
Is convergent
lim an a notation
n
EXAMPLE