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Heart
(Variable Volume Primary Pump)
Basic 1970s Era Chiller Plant Design
Chiller
Energy
Decoupler Building
Transfer
Line Loads
Station
Chiller Building
Loads
Variable Speed
Primary Pump
Lost Chiller Capacity Due to Poor T
Ideal Design Conditions
150 L/sec 150 L/sec
(2,400 gpm) (2,400 gpm)
No Flow
Through
Decoupler
5C (41F) 5C (41F)
75 L/sec
(1,200 gpm)
at
5C (41F)
5C (41F) 5C (41F)
9C (48.25F) 9C (48.25F)
No Flow
Through
Decoupler
5C (41F) 5C (41F)
8C
9C
11C
Billing Algorithm for Buildings to Give
Incentive to Owners to Improve T
Heart
(Variable Volume Primary Pump)
History of Variable Primary Flow Projects
8 Pumps Removed
3 Pumps Removed
7 Pumps Removed
3 Pumps Removed
Memorial Sloan-Kettering - Before
Memorial Sloan-Kettering - After
Bypass or
removal of
pumps
Bypass
or
removal
of pump
Bypass or
removal of
pumps
Pump Cemetery
Why change?
Reasons to Change
The technology has changed
Chiller manufacturing industry supports
the concepts of Variable Primary Flow
Evaporator flow can vary over a large
range
Precise controls provides high Delta T
Change is Starting Around the World
Most of the large district cooling plants in Dubai currently use
Primary/Secondary pumping
By educating the client we were able to convince them that
this is not necessary
We are now currently designing three 40,000 ton chiller plants
in Abu Dhabi using Variable Primary Flow as part of a $6.9
billion development project
Summary
There are many chilled water plants with significant
opportunities for improvement
WM Group has a proven record of providing smart solutions
that work
We will be happy to review your plant logs with no obligation
Production Cost
30
($/ton-hour)
2002: $0.096/ton-hr
Cost
25 0.125
20
0.100
15
10
0.075
5
0 0.050
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Year
Thank You
hmehta@wmgroupeng.com
The New Royal Project
Central Energy Plant Study
By
(2) 2,500 kWt electric motor (2) 2,500 kWt electric motor
Chiller Plant
driven, water-cooled chillers driven, water-cooled chillers
(2) 2,750 kWt fire tube boilers (2) 2,750 kWt fire tube boilers
Boiler Plant
producing hot water producing hot water
Thermal
None None
Storage
Power (1) 2,000 kVA diesel generator (1) 2,000 kVA diesel generator
Generation (emergency power) (emergency power)
Alternative Plant Considerations
Non-Electric Chillers
Absorption Chillers (with or without heaters)
Steam Turbine Driven Chillers
Gas Engine Driven Chillers
Thermal Storage
Ice Storage
Chilled Water Storage
Cogeneration
Geothermal
Electric vs. Non-Electric Chillers
Sample taken from another project
Hybrid Plant Option 1A
Plant
East CEP West CEP
Component
(1) 2,650 kWt electric motor (1) 2,650 kWt electric motor
driven, water-cooled chiller driven, water-cooled chiller
Chiller Plant
(1) 2,450 kWt direct-fired (1) 2,450 kWt direct-fired
absorption chiller/heater absorption chiller/heater
(2) 1,750 kWt fire tube boilers (2) 1,750 kWt fire tube boilers
producing hot water producing hot water
Boiler Plant (1) 1,500 kWt direct-fired (1) 1,500 kWt direct-fired
absorption chiller/heater (same absorption chiller/heater (same
unit as above) unit as above)
Thermal
None None
Storage
Power (1) 2,000 kVA diesel generator (1) 2,000 kVA diesel generator
Generation (emergency power) (emergency power)
Ice Storage vs. Chilled Water
Storage
Advantages of ice storage
Ice storage requires less space
Suitable for low temperature operation
(2) 1,750 kWt electric motor (2) 1,750 kWt electric motor
Chiller Plant
driven, water-cooled chillers driven, water-cooled chillers
(2) 2,750 kWt fire tube boilers (2) 2,750 kWt fire tube boilers
Boiler Plant
producing hot water producing hot water
Thermal (1) 30,000 kWt-hr chilled water storage tank connected to site
Storage chilled water distribution system
Power (1) 2,000 kVA diesel generator (1) 2,000 kVA diesel generator
Generation (emergency power) (emergency power)
Cogeneration Alternatives
System Application Assessment
Reciprocating Engines Suitable for high electric but low thermal loads such as NRP.
(2) 1,750 kWt electric motor (2) 1,750 kWt electric motor
driven, water-cooled chillers driven, water-cooled chillers
Chiller Plant
(1) 1,140 kWt hot water-fired (1) 1,140 kWt hot water-fired
absorption chiller absorption chiller
(2) 1,750 kWt fire tube boilers (2) 1,750 kWt fire tube boilers
Boiler Plant
producing hot water producing hot water
Thermal
None None
Storage
(1) 2,000 kVA natural gas (1) 2,000 kVA natural gas
Power generator (cogeneration) generator (cogeneration)
Generation (1) 2,000 kVA diesel generator (1) 2,000 kVA diesel generator
(emergency power) (emergency power)
(2) 1,750 kWt electric motor (2) 1,750 kWt electric motor
driven, water-cooled chillers driven, water-cooled chillers
Chiller Plant
(1) 1,140 kWt hot water-fired (1) 1,140 kWt hot water-fired
absorption chiller absorption chiller
(2) 1,750 kWt fire tube boilers (2) 1,750 kWt fire tube boilers
Boiler Plant
producing hot water producing hot water
Thermal (1) 10,000 kWt-hr chilled water storage tank connected to site
Storage chilled water distribution system
(1) 2,000 kVA natural gas (1) 2,000 kVA natural gas
Power generator (cogeneration) generator (cogeneration)
Generation (1) 2,000 kVA diesel generator (1) 2,000 kVA diesel generator
(emergency power) (emergency power)
(2) 2,650 kWt electric, (4) 1,750 kWt boilers, (2) (2) 2,000 kVA diesel
1A 1,500 kWt absorbers
None
backup generators
(2) 2,450 kWt absorbers
$3.0 M $3.0 M
Thermal Storage Economics
Installed Cost (Opt. 1A): $1,700,000
Annual Energy Savings: $98,000
Simple Payback: 17 years
hmehta@wmgroupeng.com