Clapping or swaying of hands ang

pounding of feet and breast chiefly

characterize this early type of music. It
may be utilized in religious rituals or war
dances.

Example:
Juuka Linkola: The joiku Calliope
This music is more sophisticated than
primitive music because of the emergence
of professionals and weel-ordered
scientific fundamental musical elements.
*Chamber music of india
*Gamelan of Indonesia ( the Southeasts
equivalent of an orchestra)
Example: Oriental music - Tony Mouzayek
Sheik masouk
Gamelan of
Indonesia
Greece added to what was basically
oriental, the choral song. Rome was
heir to Grecian music and passed
the tradition to the Middle ages.

Example: Greek music - Zorba the

Greek
*The music of the Middle ages is divided
into religious and secular. Its three
distinct styles are the early christian,
which is monophonic also called as the
Gregorian chant; the Ars Antigua, and
the Ars Nova.

Example: Three Basse Dance and Harp

 Ars
Antigua

Ars
Nova
*Early Christians music consisted of
the biblical Psalms. Music was set for
the different prayers.
*Sacred music was produced during
this period
( 4th 15th century AD) with the help
of the monks the monks who
exclusive wrote them. St. Ambrose
made the first attempt to introduce
Liturgical Music, and Pope Gregory I
introduced the Gregorian chant.
*The Gregorian chant was a
collection of all known chants
composed by Pope Gregory (590-
604) during his time. This plain
song or chant consists of single
lines od melodies which have
flexible rhythm sung by male
voices without accompaniment.
*By the end of this century, secular
music emerged such as the songs of
the goliards which were satirical and
obcene Latin songs about wine and
women; the chansons which were
vernacular songs about the heroic
tales of national heroes such that of
the Song of Roland, the love songs,
and the ballads of the troubadours.
*The troubadours adopted folk
materials in ballads about encunters
between khights and damsels and
other acts of chivalry. The troubadours
were first heard during 12th century
in france, ministrels in England, and
minnesingers in Germany.
*The conductus although more
secular that liturgical was be regarded
as the first completely original
polyphonic work.
*Renaissance music shared in the spirit of the
rebirth, and played an important role in the
life of the church, the royal courts, and the
home.
*Madrigals, whose music is for the enjoyment
of the performers expressed all moods; from
solemn to tragic, or from gay to humorous.

Example: Ia no podeis ser ctentes

*George Frederick Handel (1685-1759) a
German musician who settled in England and rose
to become an outstanding exponent of Baroque
music. His best known opus is the Messiah, an
oratorio, which covers the prophecy, life, death,
resurrection, and second coming of Jesus Christ.
Example: Baroque Music by Freya Goble,
George Frideric Handel - The Arrival of the Queen
of Sheba
*Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
Another German and Handels contemporary J.S
Bach wrote splendid choral works for the St.
Thomas Church in leipzig, Germany. Baroque
traits are also reflected in the structure of
Bachs music. His famous works include the
Brandenburg Concertos, Goldberg
Variations,Christs Lag in Todesbanden,
Passion according to St. John, Passion,
according to St. Matthew, Well-tempered
Clavier, and other symphonies.
Example: Johann Sebastian Bach- St. John's
passion
*The Rococo period is known as the Classical Age of
music. The hundreds of the musical masterpieces of
two Austrians, Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1765-1761)
manifest the enduring forms and style of Rococo.
Examples: Franz Joseph Haydn - "Surprise" (Symphony
no. 94)
Mozart - Marriage Of Figaro Overture
Classical - Chopin - Funeral March
*Their new style of music
consisted of a single melody
accompanied by the newly
invented piano and with an
orchestra improved by the
addition of the clarinet.
*Music during this period was usually used to
express personal feeling and emotional reaction.
Also during this time poetry was considered as
the most romantic of all the arts, and musicians
drew their inspiration from it.
*Musicians set lyrical poems to music, creating a
new form, the art-song, to distinguish it from folk
song.
Example: Moonlight Sonata, F. Schubert - Serenade
*Four persons are involved:
*The poet
*The composer
*The singer
*The pianist
The art song conveyed the feeling of
poem, through the singing voice and
piano accompaniment.
*The distinguished master of the
art song was a Austrian
composer, Franz Peter Schubert,
the Musician of Friendship
who, before he died at the age of
31, had composed more than
500 lieder or songs.
*He was able to combine the finest features of
classic and romantic music. although deaf, the
genius of the man created nine great
symphonies, 32 piano sonatas, concertos,
quartets and other music, which projected his
powerful feeling of longing, love, hope and
despair. His creations iclude Bagatelle opera,
Diabelli Variations, Sonata opera, Sonata in C
minor, String Quartet, Moonlight Sonata and
other symphonies.
*The Poet of the Piano composed only for
the piano and is regarded as one of the
greatest of the romantic composers. His
works include Les Syllphides, Mazurka, Valse
Brillante, and the Preludes No. 4,6,15,and
20. he is also known for the musical piece,
the Liebestraum.
*Liszt was a Hungarian virtuoso pianist and
composer. As a composer, he was more
effective when writing for orchestra. He
rejected the traditional symphony form, and
subtituting for it the tone poems. he is
also known for his musical piece the
Liebestraum.
*Example: Franz Liszt - Liebestraum - Love
Dream