NEURORADIOLOGY

Imaging Modalities
Conventional Radiography
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Ultrasonography
Angiography
Scintigraphy, Positron Emission
Tomography, PET/CT
 Posteroanterior Skull Projection
Is used for documentation of skull and facial skeletal asymmetries.
 Lateral Skull Projection
Is used for documentation of skull and facial skeletal asymmetries.
 Axial Skull Projection
As an initial radiograph to check the condylar axes, or as a supplement to a
panoramic radiograph for localization of extremely laterally impacted
maxillary third molars.
 Computed Tomography
The X-ray tube emits a sharply collimated fan beam of X-rays
which passes the patient and reaches an array of detectors. Tube
rotates around the patient.
 Computed Tomography
Spiral CT X-ray tube rotates continuously around the
patient.
Computed Tomography
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(MRI)
 MRI
Uses magnetic fields and radio waves
to produce images of thin slices of
tissues (tomographic images).
 MRI
Normally, protons within tissues spin to produce tiny
magnetic fields that are randomly aligned.
When surrounded by the strong magnetic field of an
MRI device, the magnetic axes align along that field.
 MRI
A radiofrequency pulse is then applied, causing the axes
of all protons to momentarily align against the field in a
high-energy state.
After the pulse, some protons relax and resume their
baseline alignment within the magnetic field of the MRI
device.
The magnitude and rate of energy release that occurs as
the protons resume this alignment (T1 relaxation) and as
they wobble (presses) during the process (T2 relaxation)
are recorded as spatially localized signal intensities by a
coil (antenna).
Computer algorithms analyze these signals and produce
anatomic images.
MRI
 Advantages of MR
No ionizing radiation
High contrast resolution
Good spatial resolution
Multiplanar capabilities
Requires little patient preparation and is noninvasive.
Lack of artifacts from adjacent bones
Multi weighted sequences:
Fluid attenuation (FLAIR)
Fat suppression (STIR)
Diffusion weighted (DWI), Diffusion Tensor (DTI)
Functional MR (fMR: BOLD)
Spectroscopy (MRS)
 Normal MR Brain

T1 Weighted Image T2 Weighted Image

Sagittal MR Brain

T1 WI
 ANOMALII DE DEZVOLTARE
TRAUMATISMUL CRANIOCEREBRAL
ACCIDENTUL VASCULAR CEREBRAL
PROCESE TUMORALE
PROCESE INFECIOASE
ANOMALII DE DEZVOLTARE
CHIARI I
ANOMALII DE DEZVOLTARE
CHIARI III
 ANOMALII DE DEZVOLTARE

AGENEZIA
CORPULUI
CALOS
 ANOMALII DE DEZVOLTARE
LIPOM
 ANOMALII DE DEZVOLTARE
MALFORMAIE DANDY WALKER
 ANOMALII DE DEZVOLTARE

HOLOPROSECEFAL
 ANOMALII DE DEZVOLTARE

MICROCEFAL
 ANOMALII DE DEZVOLTARE
HETEROTOPIA SUBSTANEI CENUII
TRAUMA
Plain X-Ray

Fracture
Line

SKULL FRACTURE
Extradural Hematoma
 TRAUMATISMUL
CRANIOCEREBRAL
HEMATOM
EPIDURAL
Subdural Hematoma
 TRAUMATISMUL
CRANIOCEREBRAL
HEMATOM
SUBDURAL
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
 TRAUMATISMUL
CRANIOCEREBRAL
HEMORAGIE
SUBARAHNOIDIA
N
 TRAUMATISMUL
CRANIOCEREBRAL
CONTUZIE CEREBRAL
 Digital Image
Soft Tissue Window Bone Window
Brain Contusions

Hemorrhagic Contusions
Brain Lacerations
R

Gunshot Injury
 AVC
HEMORAGIE INTRACEREBRAL
 AVC
HEMORAGIE INTRACEREBELOAS
Acute Middle Cerebral Infarct
 AVC
AVC ISCHEMIC N FAZA ACUT
 AVC
AVC ISCHEMIC CEREBELOS N FAZA ACUT
 AVC
AVC ISCHEMIC N FAZA CRONIC
 PROCESE TUMORALE
Astrocitom
 PROCESE TUMORALE
Astrocitom fibrilar
 Glioblastom
 Glioma

T1 WI T2 WI T1 WI Post-Contrast
 PROCESE TUMORALE
Oligodentrogliom
Brain stem Glioma
 PROCESE TUMORALE
Meningiom
 PROCESE TUMORALE
Meningiom
 PROCESE TUMORALE
Meningiom
 Meningiom
 PROCESE TUMORALE
Meningosarcom
Pituitary Adenoma
Acoustic Neurinoma

T1 WI T1 WI Post Contrast

MRI
LEZIUNI NON-TUMORALE
 PROCESE INFECIOASE
ENCEFALIT
HERPETIC
Pyogenic Brain Abscess
 PROCESE INFECIOASE
ABCES CEREBRAL
PROCESE INFECIOASE
 PROCESE INFECIOASE
MENINGIT TB
(postcontrast)
TB
CEREBRAL
 PROCESE PARAZITARE
NEUROCISTICERCOZ
 PROCESE PARAZITARE
CHIST HIDATIC
 Cerebral Angiography

Catheter Angiography:
Conventional
Digital Subtraction
Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)
Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)
Embolization of AVM

Before After
Anterior Communicating Artery
Aneurysm

MR Angiography
Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm

CT Angiography
SPINE
Anatomy
 Plain X-Ray

A-P view Lateral view Oblique view

MYELOGRAPHY
CT
Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
 MRI

T1 WI T2 WI
 ANOMALII DE DEZVOLTARE
CIFOZ
 Sagittal View

T1w T2wir
MRI
 ANOMALII DE DEZVOLTARE
HEMIVERTEBA
 ANOMALII DE DEZVOLTARE

VERTEBR
N FLUTURE
 ANOMALII DE DEZVOLTARE
BLOC
VERTEBRAL
LIPOM
INTRADURAL
 ANOMALII DE DEZVOLTARE
SIRINGOMIELIA
 ANOMALII DE DEZVOLTARE
SCOLIOZ
Traumatic Cord Contusion

T2 WI
Disc Herniation MRI

T1 WI T2 WI
Infective Spondylitis

T1WI T1WI Post Contrast

PROCESE TUMORALE
 Glioma

T1 WI POST CONTRAST
Meningioma

T1 WI POST CONTRAST
Neurinoma
 Metastases
CT MRI

Soft tissue Window

Bone Window