LANDSCAPE AND

ECOLOGY
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 6
Introduction to Landscape Architecture, Ecology, Ecological Balance,
Landscape Conservation, Reclamation and Landscaping of Derelict
Lands, Environmental Impact Assessment.
UNIT II ELEMENTS IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN 10

Hard and soft landscape elements; Plant materials -

classification, characteristics, use and application in landscape
design; Water and Landform
UNIT III GARDEN DESIGN 10
Landscape and garden design in history - Japanese, Italian Renaissance
and Moghul gardens in India, Study of notable examples, Spatial
development in landscape design.
UNIT IV SITE PLANNING 10
Organisation of spaces - circulation, built form and open spaces, site
planning and micro climate, site planning for neighbourhood parks,
childrens play area and campus development.
UNIT V LANDSCAPING OF FUNCTIONAL AREAS 9
Urban open spaces and principle of urban landscape; Street
landscaping, landscape design for waterfront areas and functional areas
in urban centers; green roofs.
 ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- WATER
Water is also another most
important landscape element.
Water bodies improve the quality
and the worth of the site.it
makes the site attractive.
There are many types of water
bodies
1.Fountains
2.Pools
3.Ponds
4.Spouts
5.Artificial waterfalls. etc.

Add sound, movement, and enjoyment into the landscape.

Microclimate created.
Moisture level maintained.
Wetland, marshes, swampy areas are conserved.
Maintaining vegetation into wetlands.
Site aesthetics are enhanced
MOTION (static, quiet, non moving) or (dynamic, moving,
changing)

STATIC WATER
Found in lakes, ponds, pools, or gently flowing rivers
Peaceful, relaxing, mellow in character with a soothing effect on
human emotions
Balance and equilibrium with the force of gravity

DYNAMIC WATER
Its motion is moving, flowing, or falling water
Found in rivers and streams or cascading down waterfalls
Jets of water
Energetic and emotionally stimulating
Easily captures the attention of the eye
Accompanied by sound emitted through the motion of water
Being exciting and dramatic as a result of its sound and its
interaction with colour and light
FLAT, STATIC WATER - Pool
Used for a body of water of any size placed in
a hard, well-defined constructed container
Is to be geometric in shape
Pond
Design to appear natural or semi-natural
Falling water

Occurs from water moves over and down a sudden

drop in the elevation of the channel
Has three basic types of falling water

Free fall
Obstructed flow
Sloped fall
 A swale is a low tract of
land, especially one that
is moist or marshy.

The term can refer to a

natural landscape
feature or a human-
created one.

Artificial swales are

often designed to
manage water runoff,
filter pollutants, and
increase rainwater
infiltration.
 The swale can be trapezoidal or parabolic, with
a minimum bottom width of 2 feet
The minimum longitudinal slope is 2%.
The maximum longitudinal slope is 10%.
The minimum swale length is 50 feet.
The maximum allowable side slope is 3:1,
The bioretention component is typically located at the downstream
end of the overlying swale cell
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- LANDFORM
Sloped landform blocks views &
creates spatial edges.
Level landform does the
opposite
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- TIMBER
 Elements of landscape -Stones

Stones are hard, impermeable, inorganic elements used

extensively in landscape architecture.
Stones are basically used for the following:

1. Paving
2. Retaining wall
3. Stacked stone wall
4. Sitting
5. Shelters
6. Parapets
7. Bridges
8. Sculptures
9. Planters
10.Bollards
 ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE -STONES
Stone, one of the oldest paving materials, offers good,
durable, wearing surface with a minimum maintenance
required.

Rubble and ashlars masonry are the two forms

of stone used for paving.

Rubble masonry is rough stone, as it comes

from the quarry, but may be trimmed somewhat
where necessary.

Ashlars masonry is hewed or cut stone from the

quarry and is used much more often than
Rubble for the surfacing of the walls
 Elements of landscape

-Stones
Landscaping with stone brings in a natural element that
evokes solidness and a sense security.
Types of Landscape Stones and their uses
Retaining Walls--There are many different types
of
stones that can be used when it comes to
creating
retaining walls in the lawn. One may elect to
assemble a retaining wall around a small pond, or
even a garden.
Flagstone-- Flagstone is a very popular choice
when
it comes to stones that are used for steps, or
simple
ornamental design.
Boulders --Homeowners elect to implement the
use of
boulders in the decorative design of their
 Elements of landscape
-Stones
Marble--Many individuals elect to use marble
when decorating their landscape. Marble can
be used to create signs, around or in garden
ponds, and even marble fountains can be
purchased in order to bring out the natural
appeal of a pond or garden area. They are also
used in sculptures.
Natural Stone--Natural stone is often a
choice
for small landscaping structures.
Decorative Stones--Decorative stones are
used
in pathways or trails to beautify the garden.
Some of them are Royal George, Walnut
nuggets, beachwood pebbles and many more.
Other-- Other than that there are pebbles
used for sidewalks, stepping stones used in
gardens and stone is also used as stone
lantern in Chinese gardens.
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- STONE
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- STONE
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- BRICK