Endocrine

Systems
Chapter 1
Didik Setiawan, Apt
 Introduction

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Sig1.jpg
 Intercellular Signaling

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Endocrine Systems
Endocrine systems consists of
Comparison of control by the
nervous and endocrine systems
Characteristic Nervous Endocrine
Systems Systems
Mediator molecule Neurotransmitters Hormone
Site of mediator Close to the site of Far from site of
action release (synaps) release, bind to
bind to receptors receptors on or in
in postsynaptic target cells
membrane

Type of target cell Muscle cell, gland Cells throughout

cell, other neuron the body
Time to onset of milliseconds Seconds to hours
action or days
Duration of action milliseconds longer
Endocri
ne
System
s
-
The
Glands
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ckinley/f20-1_endocrine_system_c.jpg
Endocrine Systems
The Hormone
(Peptide vs Steroids)
 Peptide Hormones

Second Messenger

Hormone

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essenger.JPG
 Steroids Hormones

Results

Steroid hormones act more slowly than

Hormone peptide hormones because of the time
required to produce new proteins as
opposed to activating proteins that are
already present.
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irect.JPG
The Hormones
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andshormones.JPG
FEEDBACK
(POSITIVE & NEGATIVE)
Positive Feedback

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Negative Feedback

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 Hypothalamus
maintains homeostasis (constant internal
conditions) by regulating the internal
environment
(examples: heart rate, body temperature,
water balance, and the secretions of the
pituitary gland).
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Hypothalamus
http://bhavanajagat.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/nuclei-of-hypothalamus.jpg
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fullsize/9417.jpg
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Pituitary Gland
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4_pituitary_gland_c.jpg
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3_pituitary_gla.jpg
 Thyroid Glands
The thyroid producesthyroxin(T4, it contains
4 iodine atoms) andtriiodothyronine (T3, it
contains 3 iodine atoms) thathave similar
effects on target cells.
In most target tissues, T4is converted to T3.
They influence metabolic rate, growth, and
development.
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8a_thyroid_gland_c.jpg
Hormone Secreted by thyroid
Glands
T3 & T4
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Tg, thyroglobulin; DIT, diiodotyrosine; MIT, monoiodotyrosine; ECF, extracellular fluid; 5D type I, 5
-iodothyronine deiodinase; TPO, thyroid peroxidase; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone
Thyroid Regulation
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tall.com/endocri
ne2_files/modth
yroidhormones.j
pg
Thyroid Disorder
results in nervousness, elevated body temperature, increased heart and metabo
Hyperthyroidism
treated
treated with
with medication
medication or
or by
by surgical
surgical removal
removal of
of part
part of
of the
the thyroid
thyroid gland.
gland.
Hyperthyroidism
results in nervousness, elevated body temperature, increased heart and metabo
http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/minerals/iodine/thyroid.jpg
Calcitonin
http://www.biog1105-
1106.org/demos/105/unit8/m
edia/calcium_homeostasis.jpg

A drop in the
level of calcium
in the blood,
which may
result in violent
muscular
spasms known
astetany
Parathyroid's Hormone
Parathyroid Hormone Is Important
In Promoting Proper Nerve And
Muscle Function As Well As
Maintaining Bone Structure
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contentimages/h5550931.jpg

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age_popup/pthyroid.jpg
Discussions
Supporting Web Site
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20102/bio%2010
Supporting Web Site
http://faculty.irsc.edu/FACULTY/TFischer/AP1/AP%201%20resources.htm
THE END OF SEASON 1 OF
ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS