Long Haul Attenuation Length

E/O O/E 22dB aprox. 80km

E/O O/E O/E 2X22dB aprox. 160km

Very-Long-Haul Attenuation Length

E/O O/E 33dB aprox. 120km

3X33dB aprox. 360km

E/O O/E O/E O/E

Fig. 1 Examples for routes according to ITU (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Planning, 7)

 Maximum Routelength in km

101
102
103
101

0,1
40Gbit/s

0,5
0,9
1,3
PMD-Delay Coefficient in ps/ km
1,7
20Gbit/s

2,1
2,5 Gbit/s

10Gbit/s

2,5
2,9

Fig. 2 Influence of PMD on maximum route length for different bitrates (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Planning, 11)
 SRS GVD
FWM
SPM
penalty

penalty
XPM

XPM FWM, SRS

channel spacing data rate

Fig. 3 Influence of channel spacing and data rate on nonlinearities (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Planning, 13)
 Equally spaced
channels

Unequally spaced channels

Fig. 4 Example of channel positioning to avoid FWM effects (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Planning, 13)
a)

dispersion
DCF1 DCFN-1

DCFN
0
distance
SSMF1 SSMFN-1 SSMFN

0
b)
dispersion

Fig. 5 Dispersion with compensation (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Planning, 15)

SSMF1 SSMFN-1 SSMFN
0
DCF1 DCFN-1 DCFN
0 distance
c)
dispersion

SSMF1 SSMFN-1 SSMFN

0
DCF1 DCFN-1 DCFN
0 distance
 2.0 nm
Channel spacing
1.5 nm
100
1.0 nm
4-Channel capacity (Gbit/s)

10

4 2 0 2 4
T1523380-96
Chromatic dispersion (ps/nmkm)
Fig. 6 FWM dependent restrictions on transmission capacity in relation to dispersion (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Planning, 17)
Tx Rx

good Power Budget

Pout
span
PB loss

Rs additional
loss
bad Power Budget

PB=Pout-Rs
PB> span loss

Fig. 7 Example of power evolution in a connection with line amplifiers (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Planning, 19)
 50

45

40
OSNR [dB]

35

30 minimum OSNR

25
0 2 4 6 8 10
number of fiber spans

Fig. 8 Example of the optical signal-to-noise ration as a function of the number of fiber spans (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Planning, 19)
Fig. 9 Occurrence of nonlinearities for different channel powers and span numbers, example 1 (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Planning, 21)
Fig. 10 Occurrence of nonlinearities for different channel powers and span numbers, example 2 (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Planning, 21)
Fig. 11 Importance of Preemphasis of EDFAs on the channel power spectrum (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Planning, 23)
A A

without pre-emphasis with pre-emphasis

Fig. 12 Spectrum before and after preemphazise (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Planning, 23)

Fig. 13 Screen dump of a numerical simulator for a DWDM connection (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Planning, 25)
Fig. 14 Further example for numerical simulator (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Planning, 25)